Glossary - I
Illocutionary act - the act of making a promise by
saying ‘I will do that’ or of apologising by saying ‘I’m
sorry’ etc.
‘Ik zal dat doen’, ‘Het spijt me’ enz.
Implicature - the inferred meaning of an utterance.
example: when you want the window to be closed, and you say ‘It’s
cold here’, the implicature can be: ‘can you please close
the window’
Inclusion - if all the features of the meaning of a word A are also part of the meaning of a word B.
example: all the meaning features of ‘vegetable’ must also be part of the meaning features of ‘spinach’, because spinach is a vegetable.
Indexicals - linguistic expressions whose reference
is dependent on the context.
‘Tony saw HIM’ 
the
meaning of ‘him’ can be Bill Clinton in one case, Tommy Cooper
in another, etc.
‘Jan-Peter zag HEM’
Indirect object an indirect object ‘receives’ the
direct object (TYDG, 239)
He gives the book to HER. John made the thing
for PAUL.
Hij gaf het boek aan HAAR. Jan maakte het ding voor PAUL.
Inference - working out the meaning of an utterance
by using the information that is available to you.
If you’re looking
for a key, and someone shouts ‘There it
is!’ you can infer that ‘it’ refers to the key.
‘Daar
zijn ZE’ (‘ze’ refers to ‘de sleutels’)
*Infinitive - the uninflected, ‘base’ form
of the verb.
English: ‘to work’, ‘to make’, ‘to
run’
Dutch: werken, maken, rennen.
Inflection - the fact that a word can appear in a different
form for grammatical reasons, for example to indicate a plural or a past
tense ‘tooth’ inflected for number (plural) ‘teeth’
‘catch’ inflected
for tense (past tense) ‘caught’
‘stad’ inflected
for number (plural) ‘steden’
‘vangen’ inflected
for tense (past) ‘vingen’
Intransitive - an intransitive verb cannot take a direct object ‘John danced’ vs ‘* John danced the room’
*Inversion - change of word order in a sentence, especially
of verb and subject.
‘He is crazy’ ‘Is
he crazy?’
‘Hij is gek’ ‘Is
hij gek?’