Glossary - U
Underlying structure - the structure before words move
to satisfy grammatical rules
compare: surface structure
Ungrammatical - a structure that violates a grammatical rule of the language is ungrammatical
Unstressed - a word that does not get stress is unstressed.
the initial position is often a place for stress, but stress can be applied
to any element in the sentence. clitics can not be stressed
I like them. 
I
like ‘m (pronoun them replaced by clitic)
I like’m (but she
doesn’t) I
like ‘m (but I don’t love ‘m) *
I like
'm ungrammatical with stress on ‘m
Dutch clitics: ‘m, ‘t,
er
Utterance - an utterance is a sentence that is used by someone in a certain context. as soon as a sentence is written or spoken, the string of sounds or written words is an utterance
Utterance meaning - pragmatic meaning. the meaning of an utterance which is context dependent (as opposed to sentence meaning)
Uvular - the uvula is the soft tissue at the end of your soft palate, (almost) in your throat. a uvular sound is pronounced there. Dutch [x], often written as ‘g’ or ‘ch’ is a uvular sound.