Are corporate climate efforts genuine? An empirical analysis of the climate ‘talk–walk’ hypothesis

Professor David Coen (GGI Director), Dr Kyle Herman (GGI Fellow) and Dr Tom Pegram (GGI Deputy Director) have published a new paper in Business Strategy and the Environment. The paper, which builds on research completed under the Horizon 2020-funded GLOBE project, explores whether corporate actors actually “walk the talk” when it comes to climate action. An abstract is included below. The full paper is available here. 

This study conducts machine-aided textual analysis on 725 corporate sustainability reports and empirically tests whether climate ‘talk’ within the sampled reports translates into performance ‘walk’, proxied by changes in greenhouse gas emissions over a 10-year period. We find mixed results for the ‘talk–walk’ hypothesis, depending on the type of talk and the associated climate change actors involved. Indeed, our empirical models show that while some climate commitments are genuine, many constitute little more than ‘greenwashing’—producing symbolic rather than substantive action. We attribute this result to false signalling of climate transitioning in order to mislead due to misaligned incentives. An unexpected positive finding of the study is that talk about operational improvements is a significant predictor of climate performance improvement. On the other hand, reactive strategies are consistent with poor climate performance. Our findings highlight the significance of corporate climate strategies other than emissions reductions in assessing the effective contribution of business to the climate transition.