Tony (A.R.) Gardner-Medwin - Research Publications
Dept. Physiology (NPP), UCL, London WC1E 6BT
Home Page email: ucgbarg@ucl.ac.uk
Separate listings for : Teaching Publications, Mixed Publications and Google Scholar
Groupings of research publications listed below:-
Cognitive mechanisms & Neural Computation
- 2001: Do local modification rules allow efficient learning about distributed representations?, Gardner-Medwin, A.R. (2001) Abstract & Poster, 19th AWCBR, Queenstown, NZ
- 2001: How many modifiable mechanisms do modifiable synapses need? Gardner-Medwin, A.R. (2001) Abstract & Poster, 34th IUPS Congress, Christchurch, NZ
- 2001: The limits of counting accuracy in distributed neural representations. Gardner-Medwin, A.R. & Barlow, H.B. (2001) Neural Computation 13: 477-504
- 2000: Localist representation can improve efficiency for detection and counting. Barlow H. & Gardner-Medwin A. (2000) Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23:467-8
- 1998: Limitations of learning in distributed representations. Barlow H.B.B. & Gardner-Medwin A.R. (1998) Potsdam Workshop on Neuroinformatics, June 1998
- 1998: Learning by Modifying Representations through Reverse Connections from Output. Ren K & Gardner-Medwin A.R. (1998) Neuroscience Forum, Berlin. Eu J. Neuroscience 10: S10,17616
- 1995: A proper Knowledge Measure and its implications for learning. Ren, K. & Gardner-Medwin AR (1995) Proc. 4th IBRO Congress Neuroscience, Kyoto
- 1995: Enriched recall as a means to enhance memory consolidation during sleep. Gardner-Medwin AR & Kaul, S (1995) Proc. 4th IBRO Congress Neuroscience, Kyoto
- 1995: Possible mechanisms for reducing memory confusion during sleep. Gardner-Medwin AR & Kaul S (1995) Behavioural Brain Research. 69, 167-175
- 1993: Sensory representations suitable for learning. Barlow HB & Gardner-Medwin AR (1993) Proc. 32nd Int Congress of Int. Union of Physiological Sciences, Glasgow 1-6 Aug. Abstract 355.8/P
- 1992: Coding strategies for learning. Gardner-Medwin AR (1992) European J. Neuroscience. Suppl. 5,160
- 1993: Learning associations for directly and indirectly represented features. Gardner-Medwin AR & Barlow HB (1993) SERC workshop, Newcastle.
- 1992: The effect of sparseness in distributed representations on the detectability of associations between sensory events. Gardner-Medwin AR & Barlow HB (1992) J. Physiol. (1992) 452,282P
- 1991: Book Review: Models of Brain Function ed. RMJ Cotterill Gardner-Medwin AR (1991) Exp. Physiology 75, 151
- 1992: Possible strategies for using sleep to improve episodic memory in the face of overlap. Springer-Verlag. London, pp. 129-138 Gardner-Medwin AR (1992) In Theory and Applications of Neural Networks, Ed. J.G. Taylor & C.L.T. Mannion.
- 1989: Doubly modifiable synapses: a model of short and long term auto-associative memory. Gardner-Medwin AR (1989) Proc Roy Soc Lond B 238 (Issue 1291), 137-154
- 1987: The benefits of a low activity ratio in auto-associative recall. Gardner-Medwin AR & Recce M (1987) Poster at RSRE meeting on Neural Networks, Malvern, Nov. 1987
- 1978: The possible significance for learning of some different types of synaptic modification Gardner-Medwin AR (1978) Trans Biochem Soc 6, 841-844
- 1976: The recall of events through the learning of associations between their parts. Gardner-Medwin AR (1976) Proc Roy Soc (Lond) B 194 (Issue 1116), 375-402
- 1973: Synaptic plasticity in the hippocampal formation. Bliss TVP, Gardner-Medwin AR & Lømo T (1973) In: Macromolecules and Behaviour, Ansell GB & Bradley PB (Eds.), Macmillan, London, pp. 193-203
- 1973: Long-lasting potentiation of synaptic transmission in the Dentate Area of the unanaesthetised rabbit following stimulation of the perforant path. Bliss TVP & Gardner-Medwin AR (1973) J Physiol 232 357-374
- 1971: Long-lasting increases of synaptic influence in the unanaesthetised hippocampus. Bliss TVP & Gardner-Medwin AR (1971) J Physiol 216, 32P
- 1971: Day and night testing of hippocampal responses by computer. Bliss TVP & Gardner-Medwin AR (1971) J Physiol 216 2P
- 1969: Modifiable synapses necessary for learning. Gardner-Medwin AR (1969) Nature 223, 916-918
Knowledge & Uncertainty in Education, Science and Law: where Bayes succeeds and fails!
Potassium Dynamics & Extracellular Space in Brain Tissue
- 2018: PubMed Comments on a paper by Gomes et al.: "Intracellular Impedance Measurements Reveal Non-ohmic Properties of the Extracellular Medium around Neurons" (Biophys. J., 2016), together with B. Barbour & A.Destexhe, available on PubPeer.com
- 2014: The challenge presented by altered brain interstitial fluid dynamics during slow wave sleep. Gardner-Medwin AR (2014) Poster for Physiological Society Meeting, London, June 2014
- 2009: Spatial Buffering of K+ in Relation to Spreading Depression Models. Gardner-Medwin AR (2009). Presentation to workshop on Modelling Migraine (July 22-23) at CNS 2009 (18th Annual Computational Neuroscience Meeting), Berlin.
- 1998: Potassium in neural tissue. Gardner-Medwin AR (1998) In : Elsevier’s Encyclopedia of Neuroscience on CD-ROM Adelman G & Smith B. (Eds.)
- 1987: Potassium buffering. Gardner-Medwin AR (1987) Neuroscience 22, S13
- 1986: A new framework for assessment of potassium buffering mechanisms. Gardner-Medwin AR (1986) Ann NY Acad Sci, 481, 287-302
- 1985: Factors affecting the optimal electrophysiological parameters for K+ buffering by glial cells. Gardner-Medwin AR (1985) Neuroscience Letters Suppl 22, 413
- 1985: Potential challenge from glia. Gardner-Medwin AR (1985) Nature 315,181
- 1985: The space constant for glial potassium buffering in the isolated frog brain. Gardner-Medwin AR (1985) J Physiol 365:52P
- 1987: Assessment of the glial 'spatial buffer' mechanism in rat brain, frog brain and retina. Gardner-Medwin AR (1987) pp 138-143 in: Functions of Neuroglia. Ed. Roitbak AI, Metsniereba, Tbilisi
- 1987: Potassium in neural tissue. Gardner-Medwin AR (1987) pp 968-970 in: Encyclopedia of Neuroscience. Adelman G (Ed.), Boston, Birkhäuser
- 1984: A foot in the vitreous fluid. Gardner-Medwin AR (1984) Nature 309 113
- 1983: Analysis of potassium dynamics in brain tissue. Gardner-Medwin AR (l983) J Physiol 335 393-426
- 1983: Changes of extracellular potassium activity produced by electric current through brain tissue in the rat. Gardner-Medwin AR & Nicholson C (l983) J Physiol 335 375-392
- 1983: A study of the mechanisms by which potassium moves through brain tissue in the rat. Gardner-Medwin AR (l983) J Physiol 335 353-374
- 1981: Dispersal of potassium through glia. Gardner-Medwin AR & Coles JA (l981) Proc 28th Int Congr Physiol Sci
- 1981: Movement of potassium into glial cells in the retina of the drone Apis Mellifera during photostimulation In: Ion-selective electrodes and their use in excitable tissues. Coles JA, Tsacopoulos M, Rabineau P & Gardner-Medwin AR (l981) Ed E Sykova New York Plenum pp. 345-349
- 1981: The role of cells in the dispersal of brain extracellular potassium In: Ion-selective electrodes and their use in excitable tissues. Gardner-Medwin AR (l981) Ed. E Sykova, et al. New York Plenum pp. 339-343
- 1981: Clearance of extracellular potassium: evidence for spatial buffering by glial cells in the retina of the drone. Gardner-Medwin AR, Coles JA & Tsacopoulos (1981) Brain Res 209 452-457
- 1980: Etudes sur le mouvement du potassium a travers la membrane cytoplasmique des cellules gliales de la retine. Coles JA, Gardner-Medwin AR & Tsacopoulos M (1980) Klin Mbl Augenheilk 176 522-523
- 1980: Membrane transport and solute migration affecting the brain cell microenvironment. Gardner-Medwin AR (1980) Neuroscience Res Prog Bull 18 208-226
- 1979: The mechanism of potassium dispersal in brain tissue. Gardner-Medwin AR, Gibson JL & Willshaw DJ (1979) J Physiol 293 37P-38P
- 1979: Diffusion from an iontophoretic point source in the brain: role of tortuosity and volume fraction. Nicholson C, Phillips JM & Gardner-Medwin AR (1979) Brain Res 169 580-584
- 1978: The amplitude and time course of extracellular potassium flux through brain tissue. Gardner-Medwin AR (1978) J Physiol 284 38P-39P
- 1978: Measurements of extracellular potassium and calciuum concentration during passage of current across the surface of the brain. Gardner-Medwin AR & Nicholson C (1978) J Physiol 275 66P-67P
- 1977: The migration of potassium produced by electric current through brain tissue. Gardner-Medwin AR (1977) J Physiol 269 32P-33P
- 1976: The effect of synaptic activation on the extracellular potassium concentration in the hippocampal dentate area in vitro. Fritz LC & Gardner-Medwin AR (1976) Brain Res 112 183-187
Spreading Depression in relation to Migraine and Neurosurgery
- 1987: The influence of hypocarbia on the resolution of transient increases in brain extracellular potassium. Mutch WAC & Gardner-Medwin AR (1987) Anesthesiology, 66, 350-355
- 1985: Spreading Depression and Migraine. Gardner-Medwin AR (1985) Migraine News 1, 7-8
- 1985: Platelet function during Spreading Depression: implications for migraine. Gardner-Medwin AR & Boullin DJ (1985) In Migraine: Clinical and Research Advances. Proc. 5th Int. Migraine Symp., London 1984, Ed. F. Clifford Rose, pp 126-129 (Karger, Basel).
- 1985: Oxygen electrodes for use on the surface of brain tissue subjected to pressure during neurosurgery. Felgate TCG and Gardner-Medwin AR (1985) J. Physiol 365:13P
- 1984: Cortical spreading depression and platelet function in anaesthetised rabbits. Allen AE, Boullin DJ, Gardner-Medwin AR & Skelton JL (1984) J Physiol 358,49P
- 1984: The influence of hypocapnia on the recovery of cerebral extracellular K+ changes induced by spreading depression in the anaesthetised rat. Gardner-Medwin AR & Mutch WAC (1984) J Physiol 357, 42P
- 1984: Experiments on spreading depression in relation to migraine and neurosurgery. Gardner-Medwin AR & Mutch WAC (1984) In: Current views on spreading depression. Martins-Ferreira H (Ed.), Anal. Acad brasil Ciencias 56(4), pp 423-430
- 1983: The effects of CO2, O2 and pH on spreading depression in the isolated chick retina. Skelton JL, Gardner-Medwin AR & George SA (l983) Brain Res 288 229-233
- 1982: The relation between spreading depression and migraine. Gardner-Medwin AR & Skelton JL (l982) Neuroscience 7 S77
- 1982: Leão's Spreading Depression: evidence supporting a role in the migraine aura. In: Cerebral hypoxia in the pathogenesis of migraine. Gardner-Medwin AR & Skelton JL (l982) F Clifford Rose & W Amery (Eds.), Bath, Pitman Press, pp. 127-131
- 1981: Possible roles of vertebrate neuroglia in potassium dynamics,spreading depression and migraine. Gardner-Medwin AR (l981) J exp Biol 95 111-127
- 1981: The effect of CO2 and O2 on Leão's spreading depression: evidence supporting a relationship to migraine. Gardner-Medwin AR (l981) J Physiol 316 23P-24P
Magnetic & MRI Imaging techniques for pathologies related to Spreading Depression
- 2000: Apparent diffusion coefficient and MR relaxation during osmotic manipulation in isolated superfused turtle cerebellum.J.O’Shea, S.R.Williams, N.van Bruggen and A.R.Gardner-Medwin (2000) Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 44:427-432
- 1999: Apparent diffusion coefficient and T2-relaxation time changes during osmotic volume manipulation in the isolated superfused turtle cerebellum. J.O’Shea, S.R.Williams, N.van Bruggen and A.R.Gardner-Medwin (1999) Physiological Research, 48:S104.
- 1996: Magnetometry and Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Complementary approaches to the Spreading Depression Issue in Migraine. Gardner-Medwin AR (1996) In Developments in Neurology 12: Towards Migraine 2000, ed. F. Clifford Rose, Elsevier Science B.V. pp 163-167
- 1995: An isolated preparation for studying the relationship between cell volume and diffusion weighted imaging signal intensity changes. O'Shea J, van Bruggen N, Gardner-Medwin AR & Williams SR (1995) Proc. Third Meeting, Soc. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 1:30
- 1994: Magnetic resonance imaging of propagating waves of spreading depression in the anaesthetized rat. Gardner-Medwin AR, van Bruggen N, Williams SR & Ahier RG. (1994) J. Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 14,7-11
- 1994: Very slow electrophysiological signals in man: advantages of study by magnetic measurement. Gardner-Medwin AR (1994) J. Physiol. 479,143P
- 1993: Propagating waves of spreading depression demonstrated by gradient echo MRI in the anaesthetised rat. van Bruggen N, Gardner-Medwin AR, King MD & Williams SR. (1993) Proc Soc. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, New York, Aug. Vol1, p.54
- 1993: Analysis of physiological changes in magnetic resonance sequences. Gardner-Medwin AR & Van Bruggen, N. (1993) J. Physiol. 473,5P
- 1993: Propagating waves of spreading depression demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging in the anaesthetised rat. van Bruggen N, Gardner-Medwin AR & Ahier RG. (1993) J. Physiol. 467,318P
- 1993: Magnetic resonance imaging of cortical spreading depression in the anaesthetised rat. van Bruggen N, Gardner-Medwin AR & Ahier RG (1993) Proc. 32nd Int Congress of Int. Union of Physiological Sciences, Glasgow 1-6 Aug. Abstract 288.5/P
- 1993: Magnetic resonance images of propagating waves of spreading depression in the anaesthetised rat. Gardner-Medwin AR, Van Bruggen N, Ahier RG (1993) Proc. 2nd Int. Neurotrauma Symposium, Glasgow 4-9 July, Abstract 285. Published in J. Neurotrauma ?
- 1993: Direct measurement of the field changes with light adaptation. Gardner-Medwin AR, Swithenby SJ, Fiaschi K, Elbert T & Kowalik Z. (1993) Advances in Biomagnetism: Proc. 9th Int. Conf. on Biomagnetism, Vienna 14-20 Aug. pp 9-10
- 1993: Measurement of slowly changing magnetic sources in the brain. Gardner-Medwin AR, Elbert T. & Kowalik Z. (1993) IEE Colloquium Digest 16(9):1-3
- 1992: Magnetic and impedance measurements for the detection of spreading depression at a distance. Gardner-Medwin AR. In: Spreading Depression, ed. RJ Do Carmo. Exp. Brain Res. Series 23,62-74 (1992).
- 1992: Rotatory scanning for improved discrimination of very low frequency components of the magneto-encephalogram. Gardner-Medwin AR (1992). Biomagnetism '91: Clinical aspects. Ed. Hoke M., Erne S.N., Okada Y.C. & Romani G.L. Excerpta Medica: Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp.881-885
- 1993: Biomagnetic studies of slow CNS disturbances. Gardner-Medwin AR (1993) In: Migraine: Basic Mechanisms and Treatment. ed. Lehmenkühler A. et al.. Urban & Schwarzenberg, Munchen, pp. 229-238
- 1991: Rotatory scanning for improved discrimination of very low frequency components of the magneto-encephalogram. Gardner-Medwin AR (1991) Proc. 8th Int. Biomagnetism Conference, Munster 1991, pp. 61-62.
- 1991: Magnetic fields associated with spreading depression in anasesthetised rabbits. Gardner-Medwin AR, Tepley N, Barkley GL, Moran J, Nagel-Leiby S, Simkins RT & Welch KMA (1991) Brain Research 540, 153-158.
- 1990: Magnetic observation of spreading cortical depression in anaesthetised rabbits. Gardner-Medwin AR, Tepley N, Barkley GL, Moran J, Nagel-Leiby S, Simkins RT & Welch KMA (1990) In: Advances in Biomagnetism (Ed. Williamson SJ et al.) Plenum, NY, pp. 323-326.
- 1989: Magnetic fields during Spreading Depression in the cortex of anaesthetised rabbits. Barkley GL, Gardner-Medwin AR, Moran J, Nagel-Leiby S, Simkins RT, Tepley N & Welch KMA (1989) J Physiol 418,101P
Sensory Physiology: Vision, Sleep, Alpha rhythm, Drowsiness Monitor, Vestibular Assessment & Cochlear Mechanics
- 2023: R, C and RC in Outer Hair Cells : What aspects of function do they constrain? Gardner-Medwin AR (2023) Inner Ear Biology (IEB) Workshop, London
- 2009: Cochlear Mechanics: A Sideways Look Gardner-Medwin AR (2009) In Concepts and Challenges in the Biophysics of Hearing ed. NP Cooper and DT Kemp, World Scientific Publishing.
- 2008: Cochlear Mechanics: A Sideways Look (poster) Gardner-Medwin AR (2008) Poster (pdf) for Meeting: Mechanics of Hearing, Keele, UK.
- 2006: OHC Motility as a means to concentrate delivery of cochlear stimulus energy. Gardner-Medwin AR (2006) Brit. Soc. Audiology 2006.
- 2006: Viscous damping of acoustic resonance with a restricted zone of wall compliance. Gardner-Medwin AR (2006) Proc Physiol Soc 3, DC2.
- 1997: Visual stabilisation during dynamic head roll in avestibular human subjects. Gardner-Medwin A.R., M.Doshi, M.Faldon and A.Bronstein (1997) J. Physiol. 505P:78
- 1996: Static and dynamic tests of visual function with torsional head movements. Gardner-Medwin AR, Varughese M & Margetts, P (1996) J. Physiol. 494:2-3P
- 1993: A new technique for assessing vestibular function. Luxon LM, Gardner-Medwin AR, Bucknill AT & Yue A (1993) Proc. 7th Int Symp Audiol Med., Cardiff 19-22 Sept., Abstract 99.
- 1993: Direct clinical monitoring of vestibulo-ocular reflexes. Gardner-Medwin A.R. Bucknill A.T., Yue, A., & Luxon L.M. (1993) J. Physiol. 473,23P
- 1993: Psychophysical monitoring of vestibulo-ocular reflex errors. Gardner-Medwin AR, A Bucknill & A. Yue (1993) Proc. 32nd Int Congress of Int. Union of Physiological Sciences, Glasgow 1-6 Aug. Abstract 354.5/P
- 1993: [UK PATENT App GB2276467A] Device for measuring the vestibulo-ocular reflex function. Gardner-Medwin AR (1993)
- 1989: The relation of alpha rhythm to sensory attention. Gardner-Medwin AR & Rastegar K (1989) J Physiol 415,66P
- 1988: Monitoring drowsiness while driving. Gardner-Medwin AR (1988) Poster, European Society for Chronobiology, Birmingham
- 1987: Measurements of visual distractibility in relation to sleepiness. Gardner-Medwin AR & Rastegar K (1987) Neuroscience 22, S519
- 1986: [UK PATENT App GB2174226A] Device to prevent vehicle drivers and others falling asleep. Gardner-Medwin AR (1986)
- 1986: Device to prevent vehicle drivers falling asleep. Gardner-Medwin AR (1986) J Physiol 371, 22P
- 1986: Relation of alpha rhythm to arousal and attention. Rastegar K & Gardner-Medwin AR (1986) Poster presentation to British Chronobiology Society, Cambridge, Sept.
- 1986: Marked diurnal variation and reversal of binocular heterophoria (latent squint). Gardner-Medwin AR (1986) Poster presentation to British Chronobiology Society, Cambridge, Sept.
- 1986: Independent binocular displays on a microcomputer screen Gardner-Medwin AR & Rastegar K (1986) J. Physiol. 371, 23P
- 1974: Optic radiation activity during sleep and waking. Gardner-Medwin AR (1974) Expl Neurol 43, 314-429
- 1970: Changes in optic nerve activity on awakening. Gardner-Medwin AR (1970) J Physiol 208, 54P
- 1968: The role of the thalamic relay in the visual pathway of the cat. Gardner-Medwin AR (1968) PhD Thesis: Cambridge University.
- 1967: Is there activity in geniculo-striate fibres during rapid eye movement sleep? Gardner-Medwin AR (1967) J Physiol 191, 41P
- 1967: The origin of the early receptor potential of the retina. Brindley GS & Gardner-Medwin AR (1967) J Physiol 182 185-194
Miscellaneous
- 2018: Remarkable muscles, remarkable locomotion in desert-dwelling wildebeest. Curtin NA, Bartlam-Brooks HLA, Hubel TY, Lowe JC, Gardner-Medwin AR, Bennitt E, Amos SJ, Lorenc M, West TG & Wilson AM Nature (2018, 15 Nov) DOI 10.1038/s41586-018-0602-4
- 1998: Predictions of the time-course and power output by dogfish white muscle fibres during brief tetani. Curtin N.A., Gardner-Medwin A.R. & Woledge R.C. (1998) J. exp. Biol. 201:103-114
- 1997: Curtin N.A., Gardner-Medwin A.R. & Woledge R.C. (1997) Abstract for Society of Experimental Biology, April 1997
- 1991: Septal structure and function in fish muscle. Gardner-Medwin AR & Curtin NA. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. of the UK 71,736
- 1990: Implications of the septal structure in fish muscle. Gardner-Medwin AR & Curtin NA (1990) J Physiol 426,36P
- 1988: Conversion of the sceptics. Gardner-Medwin AR (1988) Nature 334,26
- 1988: Some possible neurological applications of applied potential tomography. Holder DS & Gardner-Medwin AR (1988) Clin. Phys. Physiol. Meas. 9, Supp.A, 111-119
- 1987: Intracranial and extracranial measurement of changes in cerebral impedance in the anaesthetized rat. Gardner-Medwin AR & Holder DS (1987) J. Physiol. 390,9P
- 1983: Decision limits for significance of changes in the cumulative sum of the peri-stimulus time histogram. Ellaway PH, Gardner-Medwin AR & Pascoe JE (1983) J Physiol 341 4P-5P
- 1976: The initiation of action potentials in hippocampal granule cells. Gardner-Medwin AR (1976) In: Afferent and Intrinsic Organization of Laminated Structures in the Brain: 7th International Neurobiology Meeting (Experimental Brain Research Series Suppl 1) ed. O. Creutzfeldt, pp 218-222
- 1975: Influences of the septum on the hippocampal dentate area which are unaccompanied by field potentials. Alvarez-Leefmans FJ & Gardner-Medwin AR (1975) J Physiol 249 14P-16P
- 1973: The "giant" axon of the leech. Gardner-Medwin AR, Jansen JKS & Taxt T (1973) Acta Physiol scand 87 30A-31A
- 1972: Supernormality of parallel fibres: the effect of changes in potassium concentration in vitro. Gardner-Medwin AR (1972) Acta Physiol scand 84 38A-39A
- 1972: An extreme supernormal period in cerebellar parallel fibres. Gardner-Medwin AR (1972) J Physiol 222 357-371
- 1971: A supernormal period after an action potential in parallel fibres of the cerebellum. Gardner-Medwin AR (1971) J Physiol 216 59P
- 1966: Five Physiologists. Trinity Review Gardner-Medwin AR (1966) pp18-20, Easter Issue.
See also: Teaching Publications