Stem cell study offers hope for Parkinson's patients

The development will help research into the condition as it will enable scientists to model the disease in the laboratory to shed light on why certain nerve cells die.

Scientists, funded with a £300,000 grant from the charity Parkinson's UK, took skin samples from a patient diagnosed with one of the most progressive types of Parkinson's.

The research, led by the University of Edinburgh in collaboration with University College London researchers, then used these skin cells to generate brain nerve cells affected by the disease.

The ability to generate these nerve cells will make it easier to monitor the effectiveness of potential new drugs that could slow or halt progress of the condition.

The aim would be to find drugs that can prevent the death of these key cells - known as neurons - which break down as a result of Parkinson's.

Dr Tilo Kunath, of the University of Edinburgh's Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, said: "Current drugs for Parkinson's alleviate symptoms of the condition. Modelling the disease in a dish with real Parkinson's neurons enables us to test drugs that may halt or reverse the condition.

"This study provides an ideal platform to gain fresh insight into the condition, and opens a new area of research to discover disease-modifying drugs."

The neuron cells were generated from a patient with a form of Parkinson's that progresses rapidly and can be diagnosed in people in their early 30s.

People with this form of Parkinson's have twice as many of the genes that produce a protein - alpha synuclein - compared with the general population.

Although this form of Parkinson's is rare the protein involved is linked to virtually all types of the disease.

Dr Michael Devine, of UCL's Institute of Neurology said, "Understanding such a progressive form of the disease will give us insight into different types of Parkinson's. As this type of Parkinson's progresses rapidly it will also make it easier to pick up the effects of drugs tested to prevent nerve cells targeted by the disease from dying."

The research was published in the journal Nature Communications.

Dr Kieran Breen, Director of Research and Development at Parkinson's UK, said: "Although the genetic mutation that leads to this progressive form of Parkinson's is rare this exciting study has the potential to bring about a huge breakthrough in Parkinson's research.

"This is just the kind of innovative research that Parkinson's UK is committed to funding as we move closer to a cure."

Image: Dopamine-producing nerve cells grown from stem cells of a Parkinson's patient. Credit: The University of Edinburgh

Links:

UCL Institute of Neurology

Original article in Nature Communtications

Parkinson's UK

University of Edinburgh's Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine