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Pertinax to Marcian
Note that the database name shows how the prince is listed in the imperial college. Where no database name is given but only the phrase 'no laws', this means that no laws survive which contain (or would theoretically have contained) that emperor's name. Regnal numbers are only allocated where more than one emperor with that name issued laws, and this is how they can be identified in the 'issuer (actual)' field in the database tables. Homonymous (but usually junior) rulers who appear in the titulature but did not actually issue laws of their own are listed with 'no laws' against their name. Thus no numeration is used for the Decii, since only Trajan Decius actually issued any laws.
Familiar | Database | Accession | Accession | Died |
Pertinax | Pertinax |
| 31 Dec. 192 | 28 Mar. 193 |
Didius Julianus | no laws |
| 28 Mar. 193 | 1 June 193 |
Septimius Severus | Seuerus I |
| 1 June 193 | 4 Feb. 211 |
Caracalla | Antoninus I | 195 | 28 Jan. 198 | Apr. 217 |
Geta | Geta | 28 Jan. 198 | Oct./Nov. 210 | 26 Dec. 211 |
Macrinus | no laws |
| Apr. 217 | June 218 |
Diadumenian | no laws |
|
| June 218 |
Elagabalus | Antoninus II |
| May 218 | 12 Mar. 222 |
Severus Alexander | Alexander | 26 June 221 | Mar. 222 | mid-Mar. 235 |
Maximinus Thrax | Maximinus I |
| mid-Mar. 235 | early June 238 |
Maximus | Maximus I | Jan./Apr. 236 |
| early June 238 |
Balbinus | Balbinus |
| late Apr. 238 | early Aug. 238 |
Pupienus | Maximus II |
| late Apr. 238 | early Aug. 238 |
Gordian I | no laws |
| 2 half Mar. 238 | late Apr. 238 |
Gordian II | no laws |
| 2 half Mar. 238 | late Apr. 238 |
Gordian III | Gordianus | late Apr. 238 | early Aug. 238 | Jan./Feb. 244 |
Philip Arabs | Philippus |
| Feb./Mar. 244 | Sep. 249 |
Philip Junior | Philippus (no laws) | mid-Aug. 244 | July 247 | Sep. 249 |
Trajan Decius | Decius |
| Sep. 249 | early June 251 |
Herrenius Etruscus | Decius (no laws) | early Sep. 250 | May/June 251 | June 251 |
Hostilian | Quintus | early Sep. 250 | June 251 | July 251 |
Gallus | Gallus |
| early June 251 | July/Aug. 253 |
Volusianus | Volusianus | June 251 | July/Aug. 251 | July/Aug. 253 |
Aemilian | Aemilianus |
| late July 253 | mid-Sep. 253 |
Valerian | Valerianus |
| mid-Sep. 253 | June 260 |
Gallienus | Gallienus |
| mid-Sep. 253 | early Sep. 268 |
Valerian Junior | Valerianus (no laws) | Sep. 256 |
| summer 258 |
Saloninus | Valerianus (no laws) | June/July 258 |
| autumn 260 |
Claudius Gothicus | Claudius II |
| early Sep. 268 | mid-Aug. 270 |
Quintillus | no laws |
| late Aug. 270 | mid-Sep. 270 |
Aurelian | Aurelianus |
| 2 half Aug. 270 | Sep./Dec. 275 |
Tacitus | no laws |
| Sep./Dec. 275 | June 276 |
Florian | no laws |
| June 276 | Aug. 276 |
Probus | Probus |
| June 276 | Sep./Dec. 282 |
Carus | Carus |
| Sep./Dec. 282 | July 283 |
Carinus | Carinus | Sep./Dec. 282 | spring 283 | Apr. 285 |
Numerian | Numerianus | Sep./Dec. 282 | July 283 | Nov. 284 |
Diocletian | Diocletianus |
| 20 Nov. 284 | 1 May 305 |
Maximian | Maximianus I | early summ.285 | 1 Apr. 286 | 1 May 305 |
Constantius Chlorus | Constantius I | 1 Mar. 293 | 1 May 305 | 25 July 306 |
Galerius | Maximianus II | 1 Mar. 293 | 1 May 305 | c.1 May 311 |
Severus | Seuerus II | 1 May 305 | July 306 | spring 307 |
Maximinus | Maximinus II | 1 May 305 | May 310 | July 313 |
Constantine | Constantinus I | July 306 | May 310 | 22 May 337 |
Licinius | Licinius |
| 11 Nov. 308 | 19 Sep. 324 |
Licinius C | Licinius (no laws) | 1 Mar. 317 |
| Sep. 324 |
Crispus | Crispus | 1 Mar. 317 |
| May 326 |
Constantine II | Constantinus II | 1 Mar. 317 | 9 Sep. 337 | spring 340 |
Constantius II | Constantius II | 8 Nov. 324 | 9 Sep. 337 | 3 Nov. 361 |
Constans | Constans | 25 Dec. 333 | 9 Sep. 337 | Jan. 350 |
Dalmatius | Dalmatius | 18 Sep. 335 |
| Aug./Sep. 337 |
Constantius Gallus | Constantius C | 15 Mar. 351 |
| 354 |
Julian | Iulianus | 6 Nov. 355 | Nov. 361 | 26 June 363 |
Jovian | Iouianus |
| 27 June 363 | 17 Feb. 364 |
Valentinian I | Valentinianus I |
| 26 Feb. 364 | 17 Nov. 375 |
Valens | Valens |
| 28 Mar. 364 | 9 Aug. 378 |
Gratian | Gratianus |
| 24 Aug. 367 | 25 Aug. 383 |
Valentinian II | Valentinianus II |
| 22 Nov. 375 | 15 May 392 |
Theodosius I | Theodosius I |
| 19 Jan. 379 | 17 Jan. 395 |
Magnus Maximus | Maximus III | recog. by ThI | 384 | spring 388 |
Arcadius | Arcadius |
| 19 Jan. 383 | 1 May 408 |
Honorius | Honorius |
| 23 Jan. 393 | 15 Aug. 423 |
Eugenius | Eugenius | usurper | 22 Aug. 392 | 6 Sep. 394 |
Theodosius II | Theodosius II |
| 10 Jan. 402 | 28 July 450 |
Constantine III | no laws | usurper | 407 | 411 |
Constantius III | Constantius III |
| 8 Feb. 421 | 2 Sep. 421 |
John | no laws | usurper | 20 Nov. 423 | spring 425 |
Valentinian III | Valentinianus III | 23 Oct. 424 | 23 Oct. 425 | 16 Mar. 455 |
Marcian | Marcianus |
| 25 Aug. 450 | 27 Jan. 457 |
Pulcheria | Pulcheria |
| 4 July 414 | July 453 |
SourcesT.D. Barnes, The New Empire of Diocletian and Constantine (Cambridge, Mass. and London 1982) T.D. Barnes, Athanasius and Constantius (Cambridge, Mass. and London 1993) A.R. Birley, The African Emperor: Septimius Severus (London; 2nd ed. 1988) D. Kienast, Römische Kaisertabelle : Grundzüge einer römischen Kaiserchronologie (2nd edition; Darmstadt, 1996) M. Peachin, Roman Imperial Titulature and Chronology A.D. 235-284 (Studia Amstelodamensia ad Epigraphicam, Ius Antiquum et Papyrologicam Pertinentia 29; Amsterdam 1990) A.H.M. Jones, J. Martindale, and J. Morris, Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire I (Cambridge, 1971), II (Cambridge, 1980) O. Seeck, Regesten der Kaiser und Päpste für die Jahre 311 bis 476 n.Chr. Vorarbeit zu einer Prosopographie der christlichen Kaiserzeit (Stuttgart 1919) |