UCL Tobacco & Alcohol Research Group (UTARG)

Our central Cancer Research UK programme of work aims to advance and integrate population and individual approaches to quitting smoking and reducing alcohol consumption by:

Providing insights into population-wide influences on smoking and alcohol consumption
Advancing the scientific foundation, and further the development of interventions aimed at promoting smoking cessation and helping people reduce their alcohol consumption.

Meet the Team

Professor Jamie Brown (Director)

Professor Lion Shahab (Co-Director)

Emeritus Professor Martin Jarvis

Emeritus Professor Robert West

PhD Students: Harry Tattan-Birch

Research

Ongoing projects

Current PhD projects

E-cigarettes and heated tobacco products for smoking cessation and harm reduction (Harry Tattan-Birch)

Completed projects

Research publications

Recent publications

Beard, E., Brown, J., West, R., & Michie, S. (2020). Are population trends in high-risk alcohol consumption in smokers associated with trends in quit attempts and quit success? A time-series analysis. BMJ Open, 10 (7), e034262. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034262

Perski, O., Beard, E., & Brown, J. (2020). Association between changes in harm perceptions and e-cigarette use among current tobacco smokers in England: A time series analysis. BMC Medicine.

Kastaun, S., Brown, J., & Kotz, D. (2020). Association between income and education with quit attempts, use of cessation aids, and short-term success in tobacco smokers: A social gradient analysis from a population-based cross-sectional household survey in Germany (DEBRA study). Addictive Behaviors, 111. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106553

Shahab, L., Beard, E., & Brown, J. (2020). Association of initial e-cigarette and other tobacco product use with subsequent cigarette smoking in adolescents: a cross-sectional, matched control study. Tob Control. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-055283

Kock, L., Brown, J., & Shahab, L. (2020). Association of Socioeconomic Position With e-Cigarette Use Among Individuals Who Quit Smoking in England, 2014 to 2019. JAMA Netw Open, 3 (6), e204207. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.4207

Jackson, S., Garnett, C., Shahab, L., Oldham, M., & Brown, J. (2020). Association of the Covid-19 lockdown with smoking, drinking, and attempts to quit in England: an analysis of 2019-2020 data. doi:10.1101/2020.05.25.20112656

Tattan-Birch, H., Brown, J., Shahab, L., & Jackson, S. E. (2020). Association of the US Outbreak of Vaping-Associated Lung Injury With Perceived Harm of e-Cigarettes Compared With Cigarettes. JAMA Netw Open, 3 (6), e206981. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.6981

Perski, O., Garnett, C., Shahab, L., Brown, J., & West, R. (2020). Associations between smoking status and bodily pain in a cross-sectional survey of UK respondents. Addictive Behaviors. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106229

Ratschen, E., Shoesmith, E., Shahab, L., Silva, K., Kale, D., Toner, P., . . . Mills, D. S. (2020). Human-animal relationships and interactions during the Covid-19 lockdown phase in the UK: Investigating links with mental health and loneliness. PLoS One, 15 (9), e0239397. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0239397

Perski, O., Hekler, E. B., Naughton, F., & Brown, J. (2020). CAN JUST-IN-TIME ADAPTIVE INTERVENTIONS OFFER A PROMISING SOLUTION TO THE 'ENGAGEMENT CRISIS' IN DIGITAL BEHAVIOUR CHANGE INTERVENTIONS?.

Garnett, C., Tombor, I., Beard, E., Jackson, S., West, R., & Brown, J. (2020). Changes in smoker characteristics in England between 2008 and 2017. Addiction. doi:10.1111/add.14882

Kock, L., & Brown, J. (2020). Commentary on Smith et al (2019): Equity positive impact of English Stop Smoking Services underlines need for comprehensive approach to public health interventions. Addiction.

Jackson, S. E., Brown, J., Shahab, L., Steptoe, A., & Fancourt, D. (2020). COVID-19, smoking and inequalities: a study of 53 002 adults in the UK. Tob Control. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2020-055933

Tattan‐Birch, H., Perski, O., Jackson, S., Shahab, L., West, R., & Brown, J. (2020). COVID‐19, smoking, vaping and quitting: A representative population survey in England. Addiction, add.15251. doi:10.1111/add.15251

Holmes, J., Beard, E., Brown, J., Brennan, A., Meier, P. S., Michie, S., . . . Buykx, P. F. (2020). Effects on alcohol consumption of announcing and implementing revised UK low-risk drinking guidelines: findings from an interrupted time series analysis. J Epidemiol Community Health. doi:10.1136/jech-2020-213820

Levy, D. T., Sánchez-Romero, L. M., Li, Y., Yuan, Z., Travis, N., Jarvis, M. J., . . . McNeill, A. (2020). England SimSmoke: The Impact of Nicotine Vaping on Smoking Prevalence and Smoking-Attributable Deaths in England. Addiction. doi:10.1111/add.15269

Jarvis, M., Jackson, S., West, R., & Brown, J. (2020). Epidemic of youth nicotine addiction? What does the National Youth Tobacco Survey 2017-2019 reveal about high school e-cigarette use in the USA?. Qeios. doi:10.32388/745076.5

de Vocht, F., McQuire, C., Brennan, A., Egan, M., Angus, C., Kaner, E., . . . Hickman, M. (2020). Evaluating the causal impact of individual alcohol licensing decisions on local health and crime using natural experiments with synthetic controls. doi:10.1111/add.15002

de Vocht, F., McQuire, C., Brennan, A., Egan, M., Angus, C., Kaner, E., . . . Hickman, M. (2020). Evaluating the causal impact of individual alcohol licensing decisions on local health and crime using natural experiments with synthetic controls. Addiction. doi:10.1111/add.15002

Taak, K., Brown, J., & Perski, O. (2020). Exploring views on alcohol consumption and digital support for alcohol reduction in UK-based Punjabi-Sikh men: A think aloud and interview study. Drug and Alcohol Review.

Smith, C. A., Shahab, L., McNeill, A., Jackson, S. E., Brown, J., & Brose, L. (2020). Harm perceptions of e-cigarettes among smokers with and without mental health conditions in England: A cross-sectional population survey. Nicotine & Tobacco Research. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntaa020

Perski, O., Herbeć, A., Shahab, L., & Brown, J. (2020). Has the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak influenced the uptake of a popular smoking cessation app in UK smokers? An interrupted time series analysis. JMIR mHealth and uHealth. doi:10.2196/19494

Jackson, S. E., West, R., & Brown, J. (2020). If at first you don't succeed, when should you try again? A prospective study of failed quit attempts and subsequent smoking cessation. Addictive Behaviors, 106. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106366

Beard, E., Brown, J., Jackson, S., West, R., Kock, L., Boniface, S., & Shahab, L. (2020). Independent associations between different measures of socioeconomic position and smoking status: A cross-sectional study of adults in England. Nicotine and Tobacco Research. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntaa030

Szinay, D., Jones, A., Chadborn, T., Brown, J., & Naughton, F. (2020). Influences on uptake of and engagement with health and wellbeing smartphone apps: a systematic review. Journal of Medical Internet Research.

Jackson, S. E., Farrow, E., Brown, J., & Shahab, L. (2020). Is dual use of nicotine products and cigarettes associated with smoking reduction and cessation behaviours? A prospective study in England. BMJ Open, 10 (3), e036055. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036055

Jackson, S., Beard, E., Michie, S., West, R., & Brown, J. (2020). Is the use of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation associated with alcohol consumption? A population-level survey of successful quitters in England. Addictive Behaviors. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106138

Beard, E., Brown, J., Jackson, S., West, R., Anderson, W., Arnott, D., & Shahab, L. (2020). Long-term evaluation of the rise in legal age-of-sale of cigarettes from 16 to 18 in England: a trend analysis. BMC Med, 18 (1), 85. doi:10.1186/s12916-020-01541-w

Brose, L. S., Brown, J., & McNeill, A. (2020). Mental health and smoking cessation-a population survey in England. BMC Med, 18 (1), 161. doi:10.1186/s12916-020-01617-7

Brose, L. S., Brown, J., Robson, D., & McNeill, A. (2020). Mental health, smoking, harm reduction and quit attempts – a population survey in England. BMC Public Health, 20 (1), 1237. doi:10.1186/s12889-020-09308-x

Jackson, S., Brown, J., West, R., Norris, E., Livingstone-Banks, J., & Lindson, N. (2020). Mindfulness for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2020 (7). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD013696

Jackson, S. E., Proudfoot, H., Brown, J., East, K., Hitchman, S. C., & Shahab, L. (2020). Perceived non-smoking norms and motivation to stop smoking, quit attempts, and cessation: a cross-sectional study in England. Sci Rep, 10 (1), 10487. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-67003-8

Beard, E., Jackson, S., West, R., Kuipers, M., & Brown, J. (2020). Population level predictors of changes in success rates of quit attempts in England: a time series analysis. Addiction. doi:10.1111/add.14837

Jackson, S. E., Garnett, C., & Brown, J. (2020). Prevalence and correlates of receipt by smokers of GP advice on smoking cessation in England: a cross-sectional survey of adults. Addiction. doi:10.1111/add.15187

Simons, D., Brown, J., Shahab, L., & Perski, O. (2020). Smoking and COVID-19: Rapid evidence review for the Royal College of Physicians, London (UK). Qeios. doi:10.32388/vgjcun

Jackson, S. E., Brown, J., Grabovac, I., Cheeseman, H., Osborne, C., & Shahab, L. (2020). Smoking and quitting behaviour by sexual orientation: a cross-sectional survey of adults in England. Nicotine & Tobacco Research. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntaa042

Kimber, C., Frings, D., Cox, S., Sideropoulos, V., Naughton, F., Brown, J., . . . Dawkins, L. (2020). Tailored interventions to assist smokers to stop smoking using e-cigarettes (TASSE): Study protocol [version 3]. Qeios. doi:10.32388/9rdlja.3

Simons, D., Shahab, L., Brown, J., & Perski, O. (2020). The association of smoking status with SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalisation and mortality from COVID-19: A living rapid evidence review with Bayesian meta-analyses. Addiction.

Shahab, L., Britton, J., Brown, J., Hajek, P., & McNeill, A. (2020). The need for an evidence-based and rational debate on e-cigarettes. The Lancet, 395 (10225), 688. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30113-6

Garnett, C., Shahab, L., Raupach, T., West, R., & Brown, J. (2020). Understanding the association between spontaneous quit attempts and improved smoking cessation success rates: a population survey in England with six-month follow-up. Nicotine and Tobacco Research. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntz115

Dobbie, F., Uny, I., Jackson, S. E., Brown, J., Aveyard, P., & Bauld, L. (2020). Vaping for weight control: Findings from a qualitative study. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 12. doi:10.1016/j.abrep.2020.100275

Beard, E., West, R., Michie, S., & Brown, J. (2019). Association of prevalence of electronic cigarette use with smoking cessation and cigarette consumption in England: a time series analysis between 2006 and 2017. Addiction. doi:10.1111/add.14851

Jackson, S., Shahab, L., West, R., & Brown, J. (2019). Associations between dual use of e-cigarettes and smoking cessation: a prospective study of smokers in England. Addictive Behaviors. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106230

Beard, E. V., Brown, J., West, R., Kaner, E., Meier, P., Boniface, S., & Michie, S. (2019). Associations between socio-economic factors and alcohol consumption: a population survey of adults in England. PLoS ONE. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0209442

Jackson, S. E., Brown, J., Ussher, M., Shahab, L., Steptoe, A., & Smith, L. (2019). Combined health risks of cigarette smoking and low levels of physical activity: a prospective cohort study in England with 12-year follow-up. BMJ Open, 9 (11), e032852. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032852

Jackson, S., Beard, E., Kujawski, B., Sunyer, E., Michie, S., Shahab, L., . . . Brown, J. (2019). Comparison of Trends in Self-reported Cigarette Consumption and Sales in England, 2011 to 2018. JAMA Network Open. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.10161

Shahab, L., Bauld, L., McNeill, A., & Tyndale, R. F. (2019). Does the nicotine metabolite ratio moderate smoking cessation treatment outcomes in real-world settings? A prospective study. Addiction, 114 (2), 304-314. doi:10.1111/add.14450

Beard, E., Brown, J., West, R., Kaner, E., Meier, P., Boniface, S., & Michie, S. (2019). Correction: Associations between socio-economic factors and alcohol consumption: A population survey of adults in England. PLoS One, 14 (4), e0216378. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0216378

Lugg, S., Kerr, A., Kadiri, S., Budacan, A., Mannix, P., Brown, J., . . . Naidu, B. (2019). Developing a digital health tool for stopping smoking in the thoracic surgery pathway. Presented at: European-Respiratory-Society (ERS) International Congress. doi:10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.PA1072

Herbec, A., Shahab, L., Brown, J., Ubhi, S. K., Beard, E., Matei, A., & West, R. (2019). Does addition of craving management tools in a stop smoking app improve quit rates among adult smokers? Results from BupaQuit pragmatic pilot randomised controlled trial. doi:10.31234/osf.io/d5kjq

Perski, O., Crane, D., Beard, E., & Brown, J. (2019). Does the addition of a supportive chatbot promote user engagement with a smoking cessation app? An experimental study. Digital Health.

Brown, J., Shahab, L., & West, R. (2019). Does the offer of e-cigarettes benefit smoking cessation among unselected smokers?. Addiction. doi:10.1111/add.14415

Tattan-Birch, H., Jackson, S. E., Ide, C., Bauld, L., & Shahab, L. (2019). Evaluation of the impact of a regional educational advertising campaign on harm perceptions of e-cigarettes, prevalence of e-cigarette use, and quit attempts among smokers. Nicotine Tob Res. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntz236

Jackson, S., Perski, O., Crane, D., Michie, S., West, R., & Brown, J. (2019). Effectiveness of an offer of the Smoke Free smartphone application for smoking cessation: protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Addiction. doi:10.1111/add.14652

Holmes, J., Beard, E., Brennan, A., Brown, J., Gillespie, D., Meier, P. S., . . . Buykx, P. (2019). Effects on alcohol consumption of announcing revised UK low-risk drinking guidelines: findings from a monthly cross-sectional survey. Presented at: National Conference on Public Health Science Dedicated to New Research in UK Public Health.

Jarvis, M., West, R., & Brown, J. (2019). Epidemic of youth nicotine addiction? What does the National Youth Tobacco Survey reveal about high school e-cigarette use in the USA? (Preprint). Qeios. doi:10.32388/745076.2

Beard, E., West, R., Lorencatto, F., Gardner, B., Michie, S., Owens, L., & Shahab, L. (2019). What do cost-effective health behaviour-change interventions contain? A comparison of six domains. PLOS ONE. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0213983

Jackson, S., Beard, E., West, R., & Brown, J. (2019). Evaluation of the London Smoking Cessation Transformation Programme: a time series analysis. Presented at: Public Health Science 2019. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32856-9

Alzahrane, A., West, R., Ubhi, H. K., Brown, J., Abdulqader, N., & Samarkandi, O. (2019). Evaluations of clinical tobacco cessation interventions in Arab populations: A systematic review. Addictive behaviors, 88, 169-174. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.08.017

Jackson, S., Shahab, L., Kock, L., West, R., & Brown, J. (2019). Expenditure on smoking and alternative nicotine delivery products: a population survey in England. Addiction. doi:10.1111/add.14709

Smith, C. A., McNeill, A., Kock, L., & Shahab, L. (2019). Exploring mental health professionals' practice in relation to smoke-free policy within a mental health trust: a qualitative study using the COM-B model of behaviour. BMC Psychiatry, 19 (1), 54. doi:10.1186/s12888-019-2029-3

Kock, L., Shahab, L., West, R., & Brown, J. (2019). E‐cigarette use in England 2014–17 as a function of socio‐economic profile. Addiction. doi:10.1111/add.14446

Kuipers, M. A. G., West, R., Beard, E., & Brown, J. (2019). Impact of the 'Stoptober' smoking cessation campaign in England from 2012 to 2017: A quasi-experimental repeat cross-sectional study. Nicotine Tob Res. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntz108

Kock, L., Brown, J., Tattan-Birch, H., Smith, C., & Shahab, L. I. O. N. (2019). Individual-level behavioural smoking cessation interventions tailored for disadvantaged socioeconomic position: a systematic review and meta-regression. The Lancet Public Health. doi:10.1016/S2468-2667(19)30220-8

Simonavicius, E., McNeill, A., Shahab, L., & Brose, L. S. (2019). Heat-not-burn tobacco products: A systematic literature review. Tobacco Control, 28 (5), 582-594. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054419

Tattan-Birch, H., Jackson, S., Ide, C., Bauld, L., & Shahab, L. (2019). Impact of a regional educational advertising campaign on harm perceptions of e-cigarettes, prevalence of e-cigarette use, and quit attempts among smokers. doi:10.1101/19001610

Jackson, S. E., McGowan, J. A., Ubhi, H., Proudfoot, H., Shahab, L., Brown, J., & West, R. (2019). Modelling continued abstinence rates over time from clinical trials of pharmacological interventions for smoking cessation. Addiction.

Jackson, S., Kotz, D., West, R., & Brown, J. (2019). Moderators of real-world effectiveness of smoking cessation aids: a population study. Addiction. doi:10.1111/add.14656

Herbec, A., Brown, J., Shahab, L., West, R., & Raupach, T. (2019). Pragmatic randomised trial of a smartphone app (NRT2Quit) to improve effectiveness of nicotine replacement therapy in a quit attempt by improving medication adherence: results of a prematurely terminated study. Trials, 20 (1), 547. doi:10.1186/s13063-019-3645-4

Beard, E., Brown, J., West, R., Drummond, C., & Kaner, E. (2019). Predictive validity, diagnostic accuracy and test-retest reliability of the Strength of Urges to Drink (SUTD) scale. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. doi:10.3390/ijerph16193714

Garnett, C. V., Perski, O., Tombor, I., West, R., Michie, S., & Brown, J. (2019). Predictors of engagement, response to follow-up and extent of alcohol reduction in users of a smartphone app (Drink Less). JMIR mHealth and uHealth. doi:10.2196/11175

Jackson, S., Hill, E., Shahab, L., Beard, E., Michie, S., & Brown, J. (2019). Prevalence and correlates of long-term e-cigarette and nicotine replacement therapy use: a prospective study in England. BMJ Open. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029252

Kastaun, S., Kotz, D., Brown, J., Shahab, L., & Boeckmann, M. (2019). Public attitudes towards healthcare policies promoting tobacco cessation in Germany: results from the representative German study on tobacco use (DEBRA study). BMJ Open, 9 (8), e026245. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026245

Tombor, I., Beard, E., Brown, J., Shahab, L., Michie, S., & West, R. (2019). Randomized factorial experiment of components of the SmokeFree Baby smartphone application to aid smoking cessation in pregnancy. Translational Behavioral Medicine, 9 (4), 583-593. doi:10.1093/tbm/iby073

Crane, D., Kaur Ubhi, H., Brown, J., & West, R. (2019). Relative effectiveness of a full versus reduced version of the ‘Smoke Free’ mobile application for smoking cessation: an exploratory randomised controlled trial [version 2; referees: 2 approved]. F1000Research. doi:10.12688/f1000research.16148.2

Jackson, S. E., Kotz, D., West, R., & Brown, J. (2019). Reply to ‘Smoke free, but dependent on nicotine’ (Karam‐Hage 2019). Addiction, add.14715. doi:10.1111/add.14715

Kuipers, M., Partos, T., McNeill, A., Beard, E., Gilmore, A., West, R., & Brown, J. (2019). Smokers’ strategies across social grades to minimise the cost of smoking in a period with annual tax increases: Evidence from a national survey in England. BMJ Open. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026320

Angus, C., Brown, J., Beard, E., Gillespie, D., Buykx, P., Kaner, E., . . . Meier, P. (2019). Socioeconomic inequalities in the delivery of Brief Interventions for smoking and excessive drinking: Findings from a cross-sectional household survey in England. BMJ Open. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023448

Jackson, S., Shahab, L., Garnett, C., & Brown, J. (2019). Trends in and correlates of use of roll-your-own cigarettes: a population study in England 2008-2017. Nicotine and Tobacco Research.

Perski, O., Jackson, S., Garnett, C., West, R., & Brown, J. (2019). Trends in and factors associated with the adoption of digital aids for smoking cessation and alcohol reduction: A population survey in England. Drug and Alcohol Dependence.

Beard, E., Jackson, S., West, R., Kuipers, M., & Brown, J. (2019). Trends in attempts to quit smoking in England since 2007: A time series analysis of a range of population-level influences. Nicotine and Tobacco Research.

Beard, E., Marsden, J., Brown, J., Tombor, I., Stapleton, J., Michie, S., & West, R. (2019). Understanding and using time series analyses in addiction research. Addiction. doi:10.1111/add.14643

Garnett, C., Michie, S., West, R., & Brown, J. (2019). Updating the evidence on the effectiveness of the alcohol reduction app, Drink Less: using Bayes factors to analyse trial datasets supplemented with extended recruitment [version 1; peer review: 2 approved with reservations]. F1000 Research. doi:10.12688/f1000research.17952.1

Garnett, C., Michie, S., West, R., & Brown, J. (2019). Updating the evidence on the effectiveness of the alcohol reduction app, Drink Less: using Bayes factors to analyse trial datasets supplemented with extended recruitment [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]. F1000Research. doi:10.12688/f1000research.17952.2

Jackson, S., Brown, J., Aveyard, P., Dobbie, F., Uny, I., West, R., & Bauld, L. (2019). Vaping for weight control: a cross-sectional population study in England. Addictive Behaviors. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.04.007

Beard, E., West, R., Jarvis, M., Michie, S., & Brown, J. (2019). ‘S’-shaped curve: modelling trends in smoking prevalence, uptake and cessation in Great Britain from 1973 to 2016. Thorax. doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2018-212740

Crane, D., Garnett, C., Michie, S., West, R., & Brown, J. (2018). A smartphone app to reduce excessive alcohol consumption: Identifying the effectiveness of intervention components in a factorial randomised control trial. Scientific Reports. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-22420-8

Jackson, S., Beard, E. V., Michie, S., Shahab, L., Raupach, T., West, R., & Brown, J. (2018). Are smokers who are regularly exposed to e-cigarette use by others more or less motivated to stop or to make a quit attempt? A cross-sectional and longitudinal survey. BMC Medicine, 16, 206. doi:10.1186/s12916-018-1195-3

Shahab, L., McGowan, J. A., Waller, J., & Smith, S. G. (2018). Prevalence of beliefs about actual and mythical causes of cancer and their association with socio-demographic and health-related characteristics: Findings from a cross-sectional survey in England. European Journal of Cancer. doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2018.03.029

McGowan, J., & Shahab, L. (2018). Chapter 8. Socio-economic status. Cambridge Handbook of Psychology, Health and Medicine. Cambridge Handbook of Psychology, Health and Medicine.

Smith, S., Beard, E. V., McGowan, J., Fox, E., Cook, C., Pal, R., . . . Shahab, L. (2018). Development of a tool to assess beliefs about mythical causes of cancer: the Cancer Awareness Measure Mythical Causes Scale. BMJ Open. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022825

Boeckmann, M., Kotz, D., Shahab, L., Brown, J., & Kastaun, S. (2018). German Public Support for Tobacco Control Policy Measures: Results from the German Study on Tobacco Use (DEBRA), a Representative National Survey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. doi:10.3390/ijerph15040696

Tombor, I., Brown, J., Shahab, L., Beard, E., Michie, S., & West, R. (2018). IMPROVING THE REPORTING OF BEHAVIOUR CHANGE INTERVENTIONS: INITIAL DEVELOPMENT OF AN ONTOLOGY TO UNDERPIN STUDY REPORTS.

Herbec, A. A., Brown, J., Shahab, L., & West, R. (2018). Lessons learned from unsuccessful use of personal carbon monoxide monitors to remotely assess abstinence in a pragmatic trial of a smartphone stop smoking app – a secondary analysis. Addictive Behaviors Reports.

McGowan, J., Brown, J., West, R., Brose, L., & Shahab, L. (2018). Offer and Use of Smoking-Cessation Support by Depression/Anxiety Status: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Journal of Smoking Cessation. doi:10.1017/jsc.2018.1

Herbec, A., Perski, O., Tombor, I., Shahab, L., Brown, J., & West, R. (2018). PREFERENCES AND NEEDS OF SMOKERS AND RECENT EX-SMOKERS REGARDING SMOKING CESSATION APPS - A SYNTHESIS OF FINDINGS FROM THREE INTERVIEW STUDIES.

Jackson, S., Shahab, L., West, R., & Brown, J. (2018). Roll-your-own cigarette use and smoking cessation behaviour: a cross-sectional population study in England. BMJ Open. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025370

Herbeć, A., Perski, O., Shahab, L., & West, R. (2018). Smokers' Views on Personal Carbon Monoxide Monitors, Associated Apps, and Their Use: An Interview and Think-Aloud Study. International journal of environmental research and public health, 15 (2). doi:10.3390/ijerph15020288

Quaife, S., Waller, J., Stevens, C., Vrinten, C., Smith, S., Shahab, L., & von Wagner, C. (2018). SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN A NOVEL BEHAVIOURAL RISK FACTOR INDEX FOR CANCER.

Shahab, L., Bauld, L., McNeill, A., & Tyndale, R. (2018). The impact of nicotine metabolite ratio on pharmacotherapy effectiveness in real-world settings: a longitudinal analysis. doi:10.18332/tid/84540

Herbec, A., Tombor, I., Shahab, L., & West, R. (2018). “If I’d Known …”—a Theory-Informed Systematic Analysis of Missed Opportunities in Optimising Use of Nicotine Replacement Therapy and Accessing Relevant Support: a Qualitative Study. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. doi:10.1007/s12529-018-9735-y

Shahab, L., Mortimer, E., Bauld, L., McGowan, J. A., McNeill, A., & Tyndale, R. F. (2017). Characterising the nicotine metabolite ratio and its association with treatment choice: A cross sectional analysis of Stop Smoking Services in England. Scientific Reports, 7 (1), 17613. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-17994-8

Shahab, L., Goniewicz, M. L., Blount, B. C., Brown, J., & West, R. (2017). E-Cigarettes and Toxin Exposure: In response. ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE, 167 (7), 525-526. doi:10.7326/L17-0315

Cummings, D. M., Benway, T. A., Ho, H., Tedoldi, A., Fernandes Freitas, M. M., Shahab, L., . . . Edwards, F. A. (2017). Neuronal and Peripheral pentraxins modify glutamate release and may interact in blood-brain barrier failure. Cerebral Cortex. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhx046

Tombor, I., Vangeli, E., West, R., & Shahab, L. (2017). Progression towards smoking cessation: qualitative analysis of successful, unsuccessful and never quitters. Journal of Substance Use. doi:10.1080/14659891.2017.1378746

Shahab, L., & McGowan, J. (2017). Psychological Aspects of Tobacco Control. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Psychology. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190236557.013.126

Shahab, L., Brown, J., Hagger-Johnson, G., Michie, S., Semlyen, J., West, R., & Meads, C. (2017). Sexual orientation identity and tobacco and hazardous alcohol use: findings from a cross-sectional English population survey. BMJ Open. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015058

Kastaun, S., Brown, J., Brose, L. S., Ratschen, E., Raupach, T., Nowak, D., . . . Kotz, D. (2017). Study protocol of the German Study on Tobacco Use (DEBRA): a national household survey of smoking behaviour and cessation. BMC public health, 17 (1), 378. doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4328-2

Sarkar, B. K., West, R., Arora, M., Ahluwalia, J. S., Reddy, K. S., & Shahab, L. (2017). Effectiveness of a brief community outreach tobacco cessation intervention in India: a cluster-randomised controlled trial (the BABEX Trial). Thorax, 72 (2), 167-173. doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-208732

Shahab, L., Goniewicz, M., Blount, B., McNeill, A., Brown, J., Alwis, U., . . . West, R. (2017). Nicotine, Carcinogen, and Toxin Exposure in Long-Term E-Cigarette and Nicotine Replacement Therapy Users: A Cross-sectional Study. Annals of Internal Medicine. doi:10.7326/m16-1107

McGowan, J., Rodriguez, A., & Shahab, L. (2017). The association of mindfulness with vulnerability to relapse amongst smokers attempting to quit: Results from a pilot intervention. Presented at: SRNT, null.

Wu, J., Tombor, I., Shahab, L., & West, R. (2017). Usability testing of a smoking cessation smartphone application ('SmokeFree Baby'): a think-aloud study with pregnant smokers. Digital Health. doi:10.1177/2055207617704273

Tang, M. Y., Shahab, L., Robb, K. A., & Gardner, B. (2016). Are parents more willing to vaccinate their children than themselves?. Journal of health psychology, 21 (5), 781-787. doi:10.1177/1359105314539527

Tombor, I., Shahab, L., Brown, J., Crane, D., Michie, S., & West, R. (2016). Development of SmokeFree Baby: a smoking cessation smartphone app for pregnant smokers. Translational behavioral medicine. doi:10.1007/s13142-016-0438-0

West, R., Shahab, L., & Brown, J. (2016). Estimating the population impact of e-cigarettes on smoking cessation in England. Addiction, 111 (6), 1118-1119. doi:10.1111/add.13343

Shahab, L. (2016). Integrated health behaviour (lifestyle) services: a review of the evidence. National Centre for Smoking Cessation and Training.

Sheals, K., Tombor, I., McNeill, A., & Shahab, L. (2016). A mixed-method systematic review and meta-analysis of mental health professionals' attitudes toward smoking and smoking cessation among people with mental illnesses. Addiction (Abingdon, England), 111 (9), 1536-1553. doi:10.1111/add.13387

Beard, E. V., Shahab, L., Cummings, D., Michie, S., & West, R. (2016). New Pharmacological Agents to Aid Smoking Cessation and Tobacco Harm Reduction: What has been Investigated and What is in the Pipeline?. CNS Drugs.

Shahab, L., Dobbie, F., Hiscock, R., McNeill, A., & Bauld, L. (2016). Prevalence and impact of long-term use of nicotine replacement therapy in UK Stop-Smoking Services: findings from the ELONS study. Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntw258

Sarkar, B. K., Shahab, L., Arora, M., Ahluwalia, J. S., Reddy, K. S., & West, R. (2016). The Social Gradient in Tobacco Use Does Not Generalize to Low-Income Urban Communities in India: Findings From a Census Survey. Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntw214

Jawad, M., Choaie, E., Brose, L., Dogar, O., Grant, A., Jenkinson, E., . . . Shahab, L. (2016). Waterpipe Tobacco Use in the United Kingdom: A Cross-Sectional Study among University Students and Stop Smoking Practitioners. PLOS ONE, 11 (1), ARTN e0146799. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0146799

Brose, L. S., Hitchman, S. C., Brown, J., West, R., & McNeill, A. (2015). Is the use of electronic cigarettes while smoking associated with smoking cessation attempts, cessation and reduced cigarette consumption? A survey with a 1-year follow-up. Addiction, 110 (7), 1160-1168. doi:10.1111/add.12917

Shahab, L., Gilchrist, G., Hagger-Johnson, G., Shankar, A., West, E., & West, R. (2015). Reciprocal associations between smoking cessation and depression in older smokers: findings from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 207 (3), 243-249. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.114.153494

Nelson, V. A., Goniewicz, M. L., Beard, E., Brown, J., Sheals, K., West, R., & Shahab, L. (2015). Comparison of the characteristics of long-term users of electronic cigarettes versus nicotine replacement therapy: A cross-sectional survey of English ex-smokers and current smokers. DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE, 153, 300-305. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.05.005

Tombor, I., Shahab, L., Brown, J., Notley, C., & West, R. (2015). Does non-smoker identity following quitting predict long-term abstinence? Evidence from a population survey in England. ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS, 45, 99-103. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.01.026

Dobbie, F., Hiscock, R., Leonardi-Bee, J., Murray, S., Shahab, L., Aveyard, P., . . . Bauld, L. (2015). Evaluating Long-term Outcomes of NHS Stop Smoking Services (ELONS): a prospective cohort study. HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT, 19 (95). doi:10.3310/hta19950

Tombor, I., Neale, J., Shahab, L., Ruiz, M., & West, R. (2015). Healthcare providers' views on digital smoking cessation interventions for pregnant women. Journal of Smoking Cessation, 10 (2), 116-123. doi:10.1017/jsc.2014.6

Im, P. K., McNeill, A., Thompson, M. E., Fong, G. T., Xu, S., Quah, A. C. K., . . . Shahab, L. (2015). Individual and interpersonal triggers to quit smoking in China: a cross-sectional analysis. TOBACCO CONTROL, 24, 40-47. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-052198

Sarkar, B. K., Shahab, L., Arora, M., Lorencatto, F., Reddy, K. S., & West, R. (2014). A cluster randomized controlled trial of a brief tobacco cessation intervention for low-income communities in India: study protocol. Addiction, 109 (3), 371-378. doi:10.1111/add.12420

Brown, J., Michie, S., Geraghty, A. W. A., Yardley, L., Gardner, B., Shahab, L., . . . West, R. (2014). Internet-based intervention for smoking cessation (StopAdvisor) in people with low and high socioeconomic status: a randomised controlled trial. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 2 (12), 997-1006. doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(14)70195-x

Kotz, D., Brown, J., & West, R. (2014). Prospective Cohort Study of the Effectiveness of Smoking Cessation Treatments Used in the “Real World”. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 89 (10), 1360-1367. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.07.004

Brown, J., Beard, E., Kotz, D., Michie, S., & West, R. (2014). Real-world effectiveness of e-cigarettes when used to aid smoking cessation: a cross-sectional population study. Addiction, 109 (9), 1531-1540. doi:10.1111/add.12623

Beard, E., West, R., Michie, S., & Brown, J. (n.d.). Association between electronic cigarette use and changes in quit attempts, success of quit attempts, use of smoking cessation pharmacotherapy, and use of stop smoking services in England: time series analysis of population trends. BMJ, i4645. doi:10.1136/bmj.i4645

Hagger-Johnson, G., Hamer, M., Stamatakis, E., Bell, J. A., Shahab, L., & Batty, G. D. (2014). Association between sitting time in midlife and common mental disorder symptoms: Whitehall II prospective cohort study. J Psychiatr Res, 57, 182-184. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.04.023

Shahab, L., Andrew, S., & West, R. (2014). Changes in prevalence of depression and anxiety following smoking cessation: results from an international cohort study (ATTEMPT). Psychol Med, 44 (1), 127-141. doi:10.1017/S0033291713000391

Silla, K., Beard, E., & Shahab, L. (2014). Characterization of long-term users of nicotine replacement therapy: evidence from a national survey. Nicotine Tob Res, 16 (8), 1050-1055. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntu019

Shahab, L., Plattner, F., Irvine, E. E., Cummings, D. M., & Edwards, F. A. (2014). Dynamic range of GSK3α not GSK3β is essential for bidirectional synaptic plasticity at hippocampal CA3-CA1 synapses. Hippocampus, 24 (12), 1413-1416. doi:10.1002/hipo.22362

Shahab, L., & Goniewicz, M. (2014). Electronic cigarettes are at least as effective as nicotine patches for smoking cessation. Evid Based Med, 19 (4), 133-?. doi:10.1136/eb-2013-101690

Brown, J., Michie, S., Geraghty, A. W. A., Yardley, L., Gardner, B., Shahab, L., . . . West, R. (2014). Internet-based intervention for smoking cessation (StopAdvisor) in people with low and high socioeconomic status: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Respir Med, 2 (12), 997-1006. doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(14)70195-X

Silla, K., Beard, E., & Shahab, L. (2014). Nicotine replacement therapy use among smokers and ex-smokers: associated attitudes and beliefs: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health, 14, 1311-?. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-1311

Brown, J., West, R., Beard, E., Michie, S., Shahab, L., & McNeill, A. (2014). Prevalence and characteristics of e-cigarette users in Great Britain: Findings from a general population survey of smokers. Addict Behav, 39 (6), 1120-1125. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.03.009

Shahab, L., Beard, E., Brown, J., & West, R. (2014). Prevalence of NRT use and associated nicotine intake in smokers, recent ex-smokers and longer-term ex-smokers. PLoS One. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0113045

Shahab, L., Brown, J., Gardner, B., & Smith, S. G. (2014). Seeking health-related information and support online – does it differ as a function of engagement in risky health behaviours? Evidence from the Health Information National Trends Survey. Journal of Medical Internet Research. doi:10.2196/jmir.3368

Tombor, I., Shahab, L., Herbec, A., Neale, J., Michie, S., & West, R. (2014). Smoker identity and its potential role in young adults' smoking behaviour: a meta-ethnography. Health Psychology.

Michie, S., Brown, J., Geraghty, A. W. A., Miller, S., Yardley, L., Gardner, B., . . . West, R. (2013). A randomised controlled trial of a theory-based interactive internet-based smoking cessation intervention (‘StopAdvisor’): Study protocol. Journal of Smoking Cessation, 8 (2), 63-70. doi:10.1017/jsc.2013.21

Beard, E., Shahab, L., Curry, S. J., & West, R. (2013). Association between smoking cessation and short-term health-care use: results from an international prospective cohort study (ATTEMPT). Addiction, 108 (11), 1979-1988. doi:10.1111/add.12281

Shahab, L., Lorrencatto, F., & Beard, E. (2013). Behaviour Change Update: Stage 3. BCT analysis of behaviour change interventions reported in studies of cost effectiveness. London: NICE.

Tang, M. Y., Shahab, L., Robb, K., & Gardner, B. (2013). Do people make different risk-based decisions for their children than for themselves?. PSYCHOLOGY & HEALTH, 28, 153.

Shahab, L., Brose, L. S., & West, R. (2013). Novel delivery systems for nicotine replacement therapy as an aid to smoking cessation and for harm reduction: rationale, and evidence for advantages over existing systems. CNS Drugs, 27 (12), 1007-1019. doi:10.1007/s40263-013-0116-4

Tombor, I., Shahab, L., Brown, J., & West, R. (2013). Positive smoker identity as a barrier to quitting smoking: findings from a national survey of smokers in England. Drug Alcohol Depend, 133 (2), 740-745. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.09.001

Shahab, L., Sarkar, B. K., & West, R. (2013). The acute effects of yogic breathing exercises on craving and withdrawal symptoms in abstaining smokers. Psychopharmacology, 225 (4), 875-882. doi:10.1007/s00213-012-2876-9

Brose, L. S., Tombor, I., Shahab, L., & West, R. (2013). The effect of reducing the threshold for carbon monoxide validation of smoking abstinence--evidence from the English Stop Smoking Services. Addict Behav, 38 (10), 2529-2531. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.04.006

Uppal, N., Shahab, L., Britton, J., & Ratschen, E. (2013). The forgotten smoker: a qualitative study of attitudes towards smoking, quitting, and tobacco control policies among continuing smokers. BMC Public Health, 13, 432-?. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-432

Jawad, M., McEwen, A., McNeill, A., & Shahab, L. (2013). The importance of addressing waterpipe tobacco smoking: research and policy responses. Addiction, 108 (11), 1887-1888. doi:10.1111/add.12341

Jawad, M., McEwen, A., McNeill, A., & Shahab, L. (2013). To what extent should waterpipe tobacco smoking become a public health priority?. Addiction, 108 (11), 1873-1884. doi:10.1111/add.12265

Attwood, A., Aveyard, P., Bauld, L., Britton, J., Hajek, P., Hastings, G., . . . West, R. (2013). Tobacco. In P. M. Miller (Ed.), Principles of addiction: comprehensive addictive behaviors and disorders (pp. 767-776). San Diego, US: Elsevier Inc.

Hum, W. L., Bulgiba, A., Shahab, L., Vangeli, E., & West, R. (2013). Understanding smokers' beliefs and feelings about smoking and quitting during a quit attempt: A preliminary evaluation of the SNAP model. Journal of Smoking Cessation, 8 (1), 17-23. doi:10.1017/jsc.2013.3

Brown, J., Michie, S., Geraghty, A. W. A., Miller, S., Yardley, L., Gardner, B., . . . West, R. (2012). A pilot study of StopAdvisor: a theory-based interactive internet-based smoking cessation intervention aimed across the social spectrum. Addict Behav, 37 (12), 1365-1370. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.05.016

Michie, S., Brown, J., Geraghty, A. W. A., Miller, S., Yardley, L., Gardner, B., . . . West, R. (2012). Development of StopAdvisor: A theory-based interactive internet-based smoking cessation intervention. Translational Behavioral Medicine, 2 (3), 263-275. doi:10.1007/s13142-012-0135-6

Shahab, L., & West, R. (2012). Differences in happiness between smokers, ex-smokers and never smokers: Cross-sectional findings from a national household survey. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 121 (1-2), 38-44. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.08.011

Shahab, L., & Fidler, J. (2012). Tobacco-related disorders. In P. Sturmey, M. Hersen (Eds.), Handbook of Evidence-Based Practice in Clinical Psychology (pp. 167-196). New York: Wiley.

Young, D., Yong, H. H., Borland, R., Shahab, L., Hammond, D., Cummings, K. M., & Wilson, N. (2012). Trends in roll-your-own smoking: Findings from the ITC Four-Country Survey (2002-2008). Journal of Environmental and Public Health, 2012. doi:10.1155/2012/406283

Fidler, J. A., Shahab, L., West, O., Jarvis, M. J., McEwen, A., Stapleton, J. A., . . . West, R. (2011). 'The smoking toolkit study': a national study of smoking and smoking cessation in England. BMC Public Health, 11, 479-?. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-479

Shahab, L., West, R., & McNeill, A. (2011). A randomized, controlled trial of adding expired carbon monoxide feedback to brief stop smoking advice: evaluation of cognitive and behavioral effects. Health Psychol, 30 (1), 49-57. doi:10.1037/a0021821

Shahab, L., McEwen, A., & West, R. (2011). Acceptability and effectiveness for withdrawal symptom relief of a novel oral nicotine delivery device: a randomised crossover trial. Psychopharmacology (Berl), 216 (2), 187-196. doi:10.1007/s00213-011-2204-9

Wee, L. H., Shahab, L., Bulgiba, A., & West, R. (2011). Conflict about quitting predicts the decision to stop smoking gradually or abruptly: Evidence from stop smoking clinics in Malaysia. Journal of Smoking Cessation, 6 (1), 37-44. doi:10.1375/jsc.6.1.37

Fidler, J. A., Shahab, L., & West, R. (2011). Strength of urges to smoke as a measure of severity of cigarette dependence: comparison with the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence and its components. ADDICTION, 106 (3), 631-638. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.03226.x

West, R., Walia, A., Hyder, N., Shahab, L., & Michie, S. (2010). Behavior change techniques used by the English Stop Smoking Services and their associations with short-term quit outcomes. Nicotine Tob Res, 12 (7), 742-747. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntq074

Ashley, D. L., O'Connor, R. J., Bernert, J. T., Watson, C. H., Polzin, G. M., Jain, R. B., . . . McCraw, J. M. (2010). Effect of Differing Levels of Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines in Cigarette Smoke on the Levels of Biomarkers in Smokers. CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION, 19 (6), 1389-1398. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-10-0084

Shahab, L., Mindell, J., Poulter, N. R., & West, R. (2010). Hypertension and its identification among current, past and never smokers in an English population sample. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR PREVENTION & REHABILITATION, 17 (1), 63-70. doi:10.1097/HJR.0b013e32832f3b42

Raupach, T., Shahab, L., Eimer, S., Puls, M., Hasenfuss, G., & Andreas, S. (2010). Increasing the use of nicotine replacement therapy by a simple intervention: an exploratory trial. Subst Use Misuse, 45 (3), 403-413. doi:10.3109/10826080903452496

Shahab, L., & McEwen, A. (2010). Online support for smoking cessation: A systematic review of the literature.

Shahab, L., & West, R. (2010). Public support in England for a total ban on the sale of tobacco products. TOBACCO CONTROL, 19 (2), 143-147. doi:10.1136/tc.2009.033415

Shahab, L., West, R., & McNeill, A. (2009). A comparison of exposure to carcinogens among roll-your-own and factory-made cigarette smokers. ADDICTION BIOLOGY, 14 (3), 315-320. doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2009.00157.x

Shahab, L., & West, R. (2009). Do ex-smokers report feeling happier following cessation? Evidence from a cross-sectional survey. NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH, 11 (5), 553-557. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntp031

Grainge, M. J., Shahab, L., Hammond, D., O'Connor, R. J., & McNeill, A. (2009). First cigarette on waking and time of day as predictors of puffing behaviour in UK adult smokers. DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE, 101 (3), 191-195. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.01.013

Raupach, T., Shahab, L., Baetzing, S., Hoffmann, B., Hasenfuss, G., West, R., & Andreas, S. (2009). Medical students lack basic knowledge about smoking: Findings from two European medical schools. NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH, 11 (1), 92-98. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntn007

Shahab, L., West, R., & McNeill, A. (2008). The feasibility of measuring puffing behaviour in roll-your-own cigarette smokers. Tob Control, 17 Suppl 1, i17-i23. doi:10.1136/tc.2007.021824

Shahab, L., Hammond, D., O'Connor, R. J., Cummings, K. M., Borland, R., King, B., & McNeill, A. (2008). The reliability and validity of self-reported puffing behavior: Evidence from a cross-national study. NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH, 10 (5), 867-874. doi:10.1080/14622200802027156