Hillier, B; (1999) Centrality as a process: accounting for attraction inequalities in deformed grids. Urban Design International , 4 (3) 107 - 127.

Batty, M; Conroy, R; Hillier, B; Jiang, B; Desyllas, J; Mottrom, C; Penn, A; Hudson-Smith, A; Turner, A (1998) The virtual Tate. (CASA Working Papers ). Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis (UCL): London, UK.

Chang, D; Penn, A; (1998) Integrated multilevel circulation in dense urban areas: The effect of multiple interacting constraints on the use of complex urban areas. ENVIRONMENT AND PLANNING B-PLANNING & DESIGN , 25 (4) 507 - 538. 10.1068/b250507.

Chapman, D; Kontou, F; Penn, A; Turner, A; (1999) Automated viewshed analysis for configurational analysis of retail facilities. In: (Proceedings) In Proceedings 19th International Cartographic Conference. (pp. 207 - 213).

Croxford, B; Penn, A; (1995) Pedestrian exposure to urban air pollution: Exploratory results. In: Power, H and Moussiopoulos, N and Brebbia, CA, (eds.) Air Pollution III, Volume 2 (439 - 446). Computational Mechanics Publications Ltd

Croxford, B; Penn, A; (1998) Siting considerations for urban pollution monitors. ATMOS ENVIRON , 32 (6) 1049 - 1057.

Croxford, B; Penn, A; Hillier, B; (1996) Spatial distribution of urban pollution: Civilizing urban traffic. Science of the Total Environment , 189-190 3 - 9. 10.1016/0048-9697(96)05184-4.

Grajewski, T; Psarra, S; (1999) Anticipating Successful Design Functionality: Tools and Theories for Considering Facility Programmes. In: (Proceedings) of the Business of Space International Conference.

Greene, M; Penn, A; (1997) Socio-spatial analysis of four university campuses: the implications of spatial configuration on creation and transmission of knowledge. In: (Proceedings) Space Syntax First International Symposium. : London, UK.

Hanna, S; Meszaros, A; Japan Design Foundation International Design Exhibition. [Group exhibition]. Osaka, Japan. 1999

Hanson, J; (1999) Urban transformations: a history of design ideas. In: (Proceedings) Space Syntax Second International Symposium. : Brasilia.

Hanson, J; Hillier, B.; (1999) The reasoning art: or, the need for an analytical theory of architecture. Information Technology in Construction , 2 (2) 32 - 35.

Hanson, JM; Elgohary, A; (1997) In search of a spatial culture. In: Awotona, A and Teymur, N, (eds.) Tradition, Location and Community : place making and development. (81 - 120). Avebury: Aldershot.

Hillier, B.; (1998) A note on the intuiting of form: three issues in the theory of design. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design Anniversary Issue pp. 37-40.

Hillier, B; (1992) Look back to London. Architects' Journal , 195 (15) 42 - 46.

Hillier, B; (1993) Specifically architectural theory: a partial account of the ascent from building as cultural transmission to architecture as theoretical concretion. Harvard Architecture Review , 9 8 - 27.

Hillier, B; (1996) Cities as movement economies. Urban Design International , 1 (1) 41 - 60.

Hillier, B; (1996) Space is the machine. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK.

Hillier, B; (1999) The hidden geometry of deformed grids: or, why space syntax works, when it looks as though it shouldn't. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design , 26 169 - 191.

Hillier, B; Major, MD; Desyllas, J; Karimi, K; Campos, B; Stonor, T; (1996) Tate Gallery, Millbank: a study of the existing layout and new masterplan proposal. UCL (University College London): London, UK.

Hillier, B; Penn, A; (1991) Visible colleges: structure and randomness in the place of discovery. Science in Context , 4 (1) 23 - 49.

Hillier, B; Penn, A; (1992) Dense Civilizations - The Shape Of Cities in the 21st-Century. Applied Energy , 43 (1-3) 41 - 66. 10.1016/0306-2619(92)90073-K.

Hillier, B; Penn, A; (1994) Virtuous circles, building sciences and the science of buildings: using computers to integrate product and process in the built environment. Design Studies , 15 (3) 332 - 365.

Hillier, B; Penn, A; Dalton, N; Chapman, D; Redfern, F; (1995) Graphical Knowledge Interfaces: the extensive and intensive use of precedent databases in architecture and urban design. In: Koutamanis, T and Vermeulen,, (eds.) Visual Databases in Architecture: recent advances in design decision making. (197 - 227). Avebury: Aldershot.

Hillier, B; Penn, A; Grajewski, T; Jianming, X; (1991) Brindleyplace, Birmingham: the UCL study of the potential of the site and the Farrell masterplan. UCL (University College London): London, UK.

Hillier, B; Penn, A; Hanson, J; Grajewski, T; Xu, J; (1993) Natural Movement - Or, Configuration And Attraction In Urban Pedestrian Movement. ENVIRON PLANN B , 20 (1) 29 - 66.

Hillier, B.; (1997) Cities as movement economies. In: Droege, P, (ed.) Spatial Aspect of the Information Revolution. Intelligent Environments: North Holland.

Hillier, B.; (1997) Seeing structures and colouring up theories. University of Loughborough: Loughborough.

Hillier, B.; (1997) Therefore the grid: the need for a theory of order. In: (Proceedings) Space Syntax - First International Symposium. Space Syntax Laboratory, UCL: London.

Hillier, B.; (1998) Space is the Machine. (Paperb ed.). Cambridge University Press

Hillier, B.; (1998) The reasoning art or the need for an analytic theory of architecture. In: Dunin-Woyseth, H and Noschis, K, (eds.) Epistemological Foundations in Teaching Architecture. (71 - 82). European Architectural Schools Association

Hillier, B.; (1999) Centrally as a process: accounting for attraction inequalities in deformed grids. In: (Proceedings) Second Space Syntax Symposium. : Brasilia.

Hillier, B.; (1999) Computers and culture: the theory of the city as object. In: (Proceedings) International Symposium on Information, Culture, Architecture ICAS21. (pp. 37 - 75).

Hillier, B.; (1999) Space as a paradigm for describing emergent structure in strongly relational systems. In: (Proceedings) Second Space Syntax Symposium. (pp. 1 - 16). : Brasilia.

Hillier, B.; (1999) The hidden geometry of deformed grids, or, why space syntax works, when it looks as though it shouldn't. In: (Proceedings) First International Space Syntax Symposium. (pp. 1 - 24).

Hillier, B.; Batty, M; (1999) The virtual Tate.

Hillier, B.; Greene, M; Desyllas, J; (1999) Self-generated neighbourhood consolidation in informal settlements. In: (Proceedings) Second Space Syntax Symposium. : Brasilia.

Hillier, B.; Hanson, JM; (1997) A brief history of an idea. In: (Proceedings) Space Syntax - First International Symposium. Space Syntax Laboratory, UCL: London.

Hillier, B.; Major, MD; Penn, A; (1999) Space Syntax: a theory with a toolkit. In: (Proceedings) First International Space Syntax Symposium. (pp. 1 - 7).

Hillier, B.; Shu, S; (1999) Crime and urban layout: the need for evidence. In: MacLaren, V and Ballantyne, S and Pease, K, (eds.) Key Issues in Crime Prevention and Community Safety IPPR. : London.

Hossain, N; Penn, A; (1999) A syntactic approach to the analysis of spatial patterns in spontaneous retail development in Dhaka. In: (Proceedings) Second Space Syntax Symposium. : Brasilia.

Karimi, K; (1995) An Analytical Appraisal of the Spatial Concepts in Iranian Historic Cities and their Transformation after Modernisation: a case study of the Iranian city of Shiraz. In: (Proceedings) Development thro' Conservation, Towards Ongoing World Cities.

Karimi, K; (1997) Urban Conservation and Spatial Transformations: preserving the fragments, or maintaining the spatial spirit. In: (Proceedings) 2nd International Space Syntax Symposium.

Major, MD; Penn, A; Diamond, R; Spende, N; (1998) Crowd Movement and Space Use in Trafalgar Square and Surrounding Areas: 31 December 1997. Space Syntax Laboratory for Risk Management Consultants on beha

Major, MD; Penn, A; Karimi, K; Zako, R; (1998) Diagnosis of Strategic Problems for Pedestrian Movement. Space Syntax Laboratory: South Bank, London.

Major, MD; Penn, A; Spiliopoulou, G; Spende, N; Doxa, M; Fong, P; (1999) In with the right crowd: Crowd movement and space use in Trafalgar Square during the new year's eve celebrations. In: (Proceedings) Second Space Syntax Symposium. : Brasilia.

Major, MD; Stonor, TD; Zako, R; (1997) Paddington Basin: Initial Report. Space Syntax Laboratory, UCL: London.

Mottram, C; Conroy-Dalton, R; Penn, A; Turner, PAF; (1999) Virtual Beings: Emergence of Population Level Movement and Stopping Behaviour from Individual Rulesets. In: (Proceedings) Second International Space Syntax Symposium.

Ni Riain, C; Croxford, B; Littler, J; Penn, A; (1996) City Space and pollution dispersion: A modelling and monitoring exercise. In: The Compact City: A sustainable urban form? E & FN Spon: London, UK.

Penn, A; (1994) Intelligent Urban and Building Planning. In: (Proceedings) Intelligent computing for the financial sector. : London.

Penn, A; (1994) Space for innovation: effects of spatial configuration on social and knowledge generation. In: Proceedings of the First workshop for Cooperation between Japan and the UK on SOFT Science & Technology. (126 - 128). STA, STA: Osaka, Japan.

Penn, A; Bull, L; Conroy-Dalton, R; Dalton, N; Dekker, L; Mottram, C; Turner, PAF; (1996) Intelligent City Design: Bringing Knowledge to Bear in the Design of Future Cities. In: (Proceedings) Shanghai Conference on Residential Design 2000.

Penn, A; Conroy-Dalton, R; Dalton, N; Dekker, L; Mottram, C; Turner, PAF; (1997) Intelligent Architecture: New Tools for the Three Dimensional Analysis of Space and Built Form. In: (Proceedings) First International Space Syntax Symposium. : London.

Penn, A; Conroy-Dalton, R; Dalton, N; Dekker, L; Mottram, C; Turner, A; (1995) Intelligent architecture: user interface design to elicit knowledge models. In: Macintosh, A and Cooper, C, (eds.) Intelligent Architecture: User Interface Design to Elicit Knowledge Models, in Applications and Innovations in Expert Systems III. (335 - 348). SGES Publications: Oxford.

Penn, A; Croxford, B; (1997) Effects of streetgrid configuration on kerbside concentrations of vehicular emissions. In: (Proceedings) 1st International Space Syntax Symposium. Bartlett, UCL: London, UK.

Penn, A; Croxford, B; (1998) Fingerprinting urban kerbside carbon monoxide concentrations: interaction between street grid configuration, vehicle flows and local wind effects. INT J VEHICLE DES , 20 (1-4) 60 - 70.

Penn, A; Dalton, N; (1994) The architecture of society: stochastic simulation of urban movement. In: Gilbert, D, (ed.) Simulating Societies. (85 - 126). UCL Press: London.

Penn, A; Dalton, N; Dekker, L; Mottram, C; Nigri, M; (1995) Intelligent Architecture: desktop VR for complex strategic design in architecture and planning. In: (Proceedings) NATO Workshop on Virtual Reality and Training, Portsmouth. : Portsmouth.

Penn, A; Dalton, N; Dekker, L; Mottram, C; Nigri, M; (1997) Intelligent Architecture: Desktop VR for Complex Strategic Design in Architecture and Planning. In: Seidel, RJ and Chatelier, PR, (eds.) Virtual Reality, Training's Future?, Perspectives on Virtual Reality and Related Emerging Technologies. (121 - 132). Plenum Press: New York.

Penn, A; Desyllas, J; Vaughan, L; (1999) The space of innovation: Interaction and communication in the work environment. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design , 26 (2) 193 - 218.

Penn, A; Hillier, B; (1992) The social potential of buildings: spatial structure and the innovative millieu in scientific research laboratories. In: Corporate Space and Architecture International Symposium Proceedings. (38 - 43). Ministère de l?Equipement du Logement et des Transports, Ministère de l?Equipement du Logement et des Transports: Paris.

Penn, A; Hillier, B; (1995) Analysis of Configuration: knowledge of context and precedent in architectural design. In: IEE Digest. (pp. 1 - 9). IEE: London.

Penn, A; Hillier, B; Banister, D; Xu, J; (1994) 51. Configurational modelling of urban movement networks. In: (Proceedings) IATBR Conference, Santiago de Chile. : Santiago de Chile.

Penn, A; Hillier, B; Banister, D; Xu, J; (1998) Configurational modelling of urban movement networks. ENVIRONMENT AND PLANNING B-PLANNING & DESIGN , 25 (1) 59 - 84. 10.1068/b250059.

Penn, A; Hillier, B; Major, MD; (1995) 44. Housing redevelopment to improve the quality of the urban environment. In: (Proceedings) Second International Conference on Housing and Quality of Life, KNHC, Seoul. : Seoul.

Penn, A; Treleavan, P; Hillier, B; Bull, L; Conroy-Dalton, R; Dalton, N; ... Turner, PAF; + view all (1996) Pangea V2.1b CD and Pangea User Manual. [Software]. University College London

Penn, A; Treleavan, P; Hillier, B; Bull, L; Conroy-Dalton, RD; et al (1996) Intelligent Architecture: Pangea - An Intelligent Workbench for Architectural Sketch Design. In: Watson, I and Morgan, A, (eds.) The Intelligent Systems Integration Programme ES96 Papers. (125 - 140). SGES Publications: Cambridge.

Penn, A; Vaughan, L; (1994) Design Against Crime - A Strategic Approach to Hospital Planning. For NHS. (Health Facilities Notes 5 ). HMSO: London.

Penn, A; Vaughan, L; (1995) Passenger Terminals: the study of pedestrian movement and its relationship to spatial design. Passenger Terminal '95 122 - 125.

Penn, A; Vaughan, L; (1995) Refurbishment of SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals: Report on spatial analysis, movement study, questionnaire analysis and analysis of design proposals. Space Syntax Ltd: London.

Penn, A; Vaughan, L; DeSyllas, J; Budgen, A; Campos, B; Karimi, K; (1995) The spatial culture of innovation: report on a study of Howel Henry Chaldecot Lury & Partners’ Kent House offices, London. Space Syntax Ltd: London.

Penn, A; Zako, R; Major, MD; (1998) South Bank Study: Summary Report. Space Syntax Laboratory for Richard Rogers Partnership and the

Psarra, S; (1998) How is Creative Design Possible. In: (Proceedings) FIDE International Conference.

Psarra, S; FORSTER, W; (1998) Drawing in Process – The Creation of Architectural Concepts in the Studio. In: (Proceedings) Drawing Across Boundaries.

Psarra, S; Geometry and Space in the Architecture of Le Corbusier and Mario Botta. In: Amorim, L and Major, MD and Zako, R, (eds.) (Proceedings) 1st International Space Syntax Symposium. (pp. 32.1 - 32.29).

Spiliopoulou, G; Penn, A; (1999) Organisations as multi-layer networks: face to face, email and telephone interaction in the workplace. In: (Proceedings) 2nd International Space Syntax Symposium. Bartlett, UCL: Brasilia.

Turner, A.; Corne, D.; Ritchie, G.; Ross, P.; (1996) Obtaining multiple distinct solutions with genetic algorithm niching methods. In: Voigt, H.-M. and Ebeling, W. and Rechenberg, I. and Schwefel, H.-P., (eds.) Parallel Problem Solving from Nature- PPSN IV International Conference on Evolutionary Computation - The 4th International Conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature Berlin, Germany, September 22-26, 1996, Proceedings. (pp. pp. 451-460). Springer Verlag: Berlin/ Heidelberg, Germany.

Turner, A; Chapman, D; Penn, A; (1999) Sketching a virtual environment: modelling using line drawing interpretation. In: Slater, M, (ed.) (Proceedings) Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology '99. (pp. 151 - 161). University College London: London.

Turner, A; Penn, A; (1999) Making isovists syntactic: isovist integration analysis. In: (Proceedings) Proceedings 2nd International Symposium on Space Syntax. Universidad de Brasil: Brazil.

Vaughan, L.; (1999) Clustering, Segregation and the 'Ghetto': the spatialisation of Jewish settlement in Manchester and Leeds in the 19th century. Doctoral thesis, University of London.

Vaughan, L; (1996) Understanding the 'Ghetto' - the Use of Spatial Analysis in the Study of Social and Economic Data. In: Andes, N, (ed.) (Proceedings) Essex '96 Fourth International ISA Conference on Social Science Methodology. : University of Essex.

Vaughan, L; (1997) The Urban 'Ghetto': the spatial distribution of ethnic minorities. In: (Proceedings) First International Space Syntax Symposium. : London, UK.

Velastin, S; Yin, J; Davies, A; Vicencio-Silva, MA; Allsop, RE; Penn, A; (1993) Analysis of crowds movements and densities in built up environments using image processing. In: (Proceedings) IEE Colloquium on Image Processing for Transport Applications. (pp. 8/1 - 8/6). IEE: London.