About the project
In the second half of the eighth century BC, Assyria was the most powerful state in the Middle East: regions far beyond the Assyrian heartland in the north of modern-day Iraq, demarcated by the triangle formed by the ancient cities of Assur, Nineveh and Arbail, were annexed as provinces to form an empire that stretched from the Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf, from the fringes of the Arabian desert to western Iran and central Anatolia.
About 1,200 letters and letter fragments survive of the correspondence of king Sargon II (721-705 BC) with his governors and magnates, in addition to c. 150 letters of the correspondence of Tiglath-pileser III (744-727 BC). They were retrieved in the shape of the original clay tablets during excavations in the royal cities of Kalhu (modern Nimrud) and Nineveh (modern Mossul). This corpus of letters between the kings and their high officials, the largest known from antiquity, gives first-hand insight into the mechanisms of communication between the top levels of authority in an ancient empire.
The five crucial edited volumes of this correspondence in the Assyrian and Babylonian dialects are:
- S. Parpola, The Correspondence of Sargon II, Part I: Letters from Assyria and the West (State Archives of Assyria 1), Helsinki 1987
- G. B. Lanfranchi and S. Parpola, The Correspondence of Sargon II, Part II: Letters from the Northern and Northeastern Provinces (State Archives of Assyria 5), Helsinki 1990
- A. Fuchs and S. Parpola, The Correspondence of Sargon II, Part III: Letters from Babylonia and the Eastern Provinces (State Archives of Assyria 15), Helsinki 2001
- M. Dietrich, The Neo-Babylonian Correspondence of Sargon and Sennacherib (State Archives of Assyria 17), Helsinki 2003
- M. Luukko, The Correspondence of Tiglath-pileser III and Sargon II from Calah/Nimrud (State Archives of Assyria 19), Helsinki 2012
In addition to the royal correspondence, our knowledge of the organisation of the Assyrian empire at that time owes much to the eponym lists and chronicles, a group of texts edited in this volume:
- A. R. Millard, The Eponyms of the Assyrian Empire 910-612 B.C. (State Archives of Assyria Studies 2), Helsinki 1994
With the kind permission of the authors and the Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project [http://www.helsinki.fi/science/saa/], this project brings together translations and transliterations of all of these texts, adding explanatory and supplementary materials in order to provide the historical context.
Sponsors, timing and feedback
This website was created as part of the research project "Mechanisms of communication in an ancient empire: the correspondence between the king of Assyria and his magnates in the 8th century BC", funded by the UK's Arts and Humanities Research Council [http://www.ahrc.ac.uk] and housed at the History Department of University College London [http://www.ucl.ac.uk/history]. The project began in October 2008 and ended in March 2013. This website went online in October 2009. We welcome suggestions and comments, to the email address tiglatpileser3@googlemail.com.
Software development
The website is based on a design by George MacKerron for the Whipple Museum [http://www.hps.cam.ac.uk/whipple/], and was created using his Electrostatic software. The transliteration and translation files were originally coded by Bob Whiting for the Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project [http://www.helsinki.fi/science/saa/]. They were converted to ATF [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/doc/builder/index.html], Oracc [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/]'s standard encoding, by Steve Tinney who also wrote the pager which displays them.
Project team
- Ruth Horry, University of Cambridge (website creation)
- Mikko Luukko, Department of History [http://www.ucl.ac.uk/history/], University College London (2008-2012), now Institut für Altertumswissenschaften [http://www.phil1.uni-wuerzburg.de/institutelehrstuehle/institut_fuer_altertumswissenschaften/startseite/], Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg
- Karen Radner, Department of History [http://www.ucl.ac.uk/history/], University College London
- Steve Tinney, Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations [http://www.sas.upenn.edu/nelc/], University of Pennsylvania
- Silvie Zamazalová, Department of History [http://www.ucl.ac.uk/history/], University College London
Consultants and contributors of transliterations, translations and photographs
- Manfried Dietrich, Institut für Altorientalische Philologie und Vorderasiatische Altertumskunde [http://www.uni-muenster.de/Altoriental/], Universität Münster
- Andreas Fuchs, Institute for Ancient Near Eastern Studies (IANES) [http://www.ianes.uni-tuebingen.de/], Universität Tübingen
- Melanie Groß, Institut für Orientalistik [http://orientalistik.univie.ac.at], Universität Wien
- Theodore Tuviah Kwasman, Martin-Buber-Institut für Judaistik [http://www.uni-koeln.de/phil-fak/juda], Universität zu Köln
- Giovanni Battista Lanfranchi, Dipartimento di Scienze Storiche, Geografiche e dell'Antichità [http://www.dissgea.unipd.it], Università di Padova
- Raija Mattila, Department of World Cultures [http://www.helsinki.fi/worldcultures], University of Helsinki
- Alan Millard, School of Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology [http://www.liv.ac.uk/sace/], University of Liverpool
- Simo Parpola, Director of the Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project [http://www.helsinki.fi/science/saa/], University of Helsinki
- Eleanor Robson, Department of History and Philosophy of Science [http://www.hps.cam.ac.uk], University of Cambridge
- Greta Van Buylaere, Institut für Altertumswissenschaften [http://www.phil1.uni-wuerzburg.de/institutelehrstuehle/institut_fuer_altertumswissenschaften/startseite/], Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg
Finally, we are indebted to all authors, editors and publishers who generously permitted us to make available online materials originally published in printed form in the bibliography section.
Content last modified: 13 Apr 2014.