CLYDI/1

Corpus Refs:Huebner/1876:110
Macalister/1945:430
Nash-Williams/1950:306
RCAHMW/1925:184(ii)
Site:CLYDI
Discovery:first mentioned, 1860 Westwood, J.O.
History:Westwood/1860, 223: `During the last meeting of this Association, held at Cardigan, in August 1859, I took the opportunity of visiting and inspecting three very interesting early inscribed stones in the parish of Clydai, a few miles south of Newcastle Emlyn, to which my attention had been kindly directed by Mr. Vincent and by Dr. Jones, whose charming residence in the valley of the Cych afforded me a pleasant resting-place during my day's ramble in search of these hitherto undescribed relics of antiquity...Two of these stones are built into the wall of the village church-yard...whilst the third now stands as the post for a sun dial in the north wall'.

Rhys/1873, 5: `August 14:-- From Glendovan we went to Clydey, about six miles from Cilgerran. Here there are two old inscribed stones...[this stone] is also in the wall of the churchyard, but inside.'

Westwood/1879, 123: `The second Clydai stone is built into the north wall of the churchyard as a post for a sun-dial'.

RCAHMW/1925, 75: `placed in the parish church...The earlier position of this stone was within the churchyard, `close to' (according to Brash [AC 1874]), `forming part of' (Westwood [Westwood/1860, Westwood/1873]), the north wall'.

Macalister/1945, 410--411: `now moved within the church...clamped to the inner face of the west wall...at some time the top was trimmed away to make of the pillar a stand for a sundial'.

CISP: the stone remains inside the church.

Geology:
Dimensions:1.79 x 0.33 x 0.25 (converted from Macalister/1945)
Setting:in display
Location:on site
Nash-Williams/1950, 186: `Inside church, standing against W. wall of nave'.

CISP [MH, 1997]: the stone remains in this position.

Form:plain
Westwood/1876, 123: `It is about 4 feet high by 1 foot wide'.

RCAHMW/1925, 75: `It measures 4 feet high, 13 inches broad, 11 inches thick at the centre, and has supported a sun-dial'.

Nash-Williams/1950, 184: `Roughly quadrangular pillar-stone...70" h. x 13" w. x 11 1/2" t.'.

Condition:incomplete , good
Westwood/1879, 123: `a post for a sun-dial, the top having been injured, the stumps of the four iron pins which secured the dial plate being still in the top. It is very rough on its surface, but its edges exhibit traces of Ogham notches, although it is evident that the top of the stone, along which these markings evidently extended, has been broken off and injured'.

Macalister/1945, 411: `This stone is now 5' 10 1/2"...but it must formerly have been at least 1' 6" longer, to judge from the space required for the missing scores of the Ogham...at some time the top was trimmed away to make of the pillar a stand for a sundial'.

Nash-Williams/1950, 184: `top fractured away'.

Folklore:none
Crosses:none
Decorations:no other decoration

References


Inscriptions


CLYDI/1/1     Pictures

Readings

Rhys, J. (1873):ETTER[.--]V[--]TOR
Expansion:
ETTERN[U--] V[IC]TOR
Rhys/1873 5 reading only
Macalister, R.A.S. (1945):ETTERN[-- ||| [--] ||| --]TOR
Expansion:
ETTERN[I MAQI VIC]TOR
Macalister/1945 411 reading only
Nash-Williams, V.E. (1950):ETTERN[-- ||| [--] ||| --]TOR
Expansion:
ETTERN[I MAQI VIC]TOR
Translation:
(The stone) of Etternus (PN), son of Victor (PN).
Nash-Williams/1950 184 reading only

Notes

Orientation:vertical up along down
Position:ind ; arris ; n/a ; undecorated
Macalister/1945, 411: `The inscription ran up the dexter angle of the inscribed face, over the top, and a short distance down the sinister angle: but at some time the top was trimmed away to make of the pillar a stand for a sundial, and the middle part of the inscription was cut away'.

Nash-Williams/1950, 184: `The Ogam inscription is incised along the l. and r. angles of the face reading upwards and downwards respectively, and must originally have continued across the top'.

Incision:inc
Date:400 - 533 (Nash-Williams/1950)

500 - 533 (Jackson/1953)
Jackson/1953, 183: `early sixth'.
Language:Goidelic (ogham)
Ling. Notes:Macalister/1945, 411: `the stone also has an inscription in Roman capitals, and what is left of the Ogham shews that the one was an echo of the other'.

Although the word MAQI is lost, it is likely to have been originally carved, thereby making the language of the inscription Goidelic.

Palaeography:Westwood/1860, 226: `On the two edges of this stone are Ogham strokes and marks, which are here given from a sketch by Mr. H. Longueville Jones, as the day when I visited the locality was not at all favourable for their examination'.

Rhys/1873, 5: `in Celtic characters Ettern[u]...V[ic]tor -- the gaps owing to the top of the stone having been trimmed off to receive a sun-dial'.

Westwood/1879, 123--124: `On the two long edges of this stone are Ogham letters, here given from a sketch by the late Rev. H. L. Jones, as the day when I visited the stone was not at all favourable for their examination, neither are they clearly defined in the three rubbings of the stone made by the last-named gentleman and myself now before me...Prof. Rhys (Inscribed Stones of Wales, 1873, p. 5, and Arch. Camb., 1874, p. 21) reads the Celtic characters on this stone as ETTERN[U] V[IC]TOR. The late Mr. R. R. Brash having, however, visited this stone, observed (Arch. Camb., 1873, p. 286, and 1874, p. 279) that what remains of the Ogham reads as follows: on the top left-hand angle ETTERN, the N close to the present top of the stone; on the opposite angle, reading from the top downwards, TOR, the r being close to the top; and suggested that the whole might be read ETTERNI MACVI FECTOR, the Celtic equivalent of the Roman letters...Prof. Rhys, however (Arch. Camb., 1873, p. 387), objects to Mr. Brash's use of F instead of V in the word FICTOR'.

Macalister/1945, 411: `There are three accidental nicks on the top edge of the fractured portion, just above the E of the Roman inscription, which have been supposed to be the tips of the Ogham V. This is, however, inadmissable, partly because they are not equidistant from one another, but principally because they would define spaces into which it would be impossible to fit the missing letters'.

Legibility:poor
CISP: The middle part of the inscription has been cut away.
Lines:1
Carving errors:0
Doubtful:no

Names

References


CLYDI/1/2     Pictures

Readings

Westwood, J.O. (1859):{E}TERN{I}F/I/LIVICTO{R}
Expansion:
ETERNI FILI VICTOR
Huebner/1876 39 reading only
Rhys, J. (1873):ETTERN{I}F/I/LIVICTO{R}
Expansion:
ETTERNI FILI VICTOR
Rhys/1873 5 reading only
Westwood, J.O. (1879):ETTERN{I}F/I/LIVICTOR
Expansion:
ETTERNI FILI VICTOR
Westwood/1860 226 reading only
Macalister, R.A.S. (1945):ETTERN{I}F/I/LIVICTO{R}
Expansion:
ETTERNI FILI VICTOR
Macalister/1945 411 reading only
Nash-Williams, V.E. (1950):ETTERN{I}F/I/LIVICTO{R}
Expansion:
ETTERNI FILI VICTOR(is)
Translation:
(The stone) of Etternus (PN), son of Victor (PN).
Nash-Williams/1950 184 reading only

Notes

Orientation:vertical down
Position:ind ; broad ; n/a ; undecorated
Macalister/1945, 411: `in one line reading downward'.

Nash-Williams/1950, 184: `The Latin inscription is in one line reading vertically downwards'.

Incision:cut
Nash-Williams/1950, 184: `square-cut'.
Date:400 - 533 (Nash-Williams/1950)

500 - 533 (Jackson/1953)
Jackson/1953, 183, `early sixth'.
Language:Latin (rcaps)
Ling. Notes:none
Palaeography:Westwood/1860, 226: `The first letter is reversed [but see below], the Rs ill formed, and the word fili formed of compound letters, the F distinct, the first I forming the upright stroke of the L, and the second I united at its base with the horizontal stroke of the L, the oblique mark represented is most probably a flaw in the stone'.

Westwood/1879, 123: `The inscription is in debased Roman capitals, but the formula is irregular, the reading being evidently:

ETTERNI FILI VICTOR

The first stroke of the initial E of the first word is so much destroyed that I was induced (A.C. 1860, p. 225) to regard its three transverse bars as belonging to a reversed E, of which the upright stroke was part of the much injured second letter T. I consequently misread the first word as {E}TERNI. The R's are very ill formed ; the first I in FILI also is attached to the lower cross bar of the F and also forms the down stroke of the L'.

Macalister/1945, 411: `The FIL of the second word is made into a monogram, slightly different from ligatures conventional in this word'.

Nash-Williams/1950, 184--186: `Good square-cut Roman capitals, with horizontal final -I and one three-letter ligature. The R's have the open bow and short horizontal tail'.

Legibility:some
Lines:1
Carving errors:0
Doubtful:no

Names

References