Binns KE; Salt TE; (1996) Corticofugal influences on visual responses in cat superior colliculus: The role of NMDA receptors. Visual Neuroscience, 13:683-694.

The role of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the mediation of cortical inputs to visual neurones in the superficial layers of the superior colliculus (SSC) has been investigated. Extracellular recording with iontophoresis in the SSC of cortically intact cats has demonstrated that visual responses of most neurones were reduced by iontophoretic application of the NMDA receptor antagonist D-2-amino- 5-phosphonopentanoate (AP5). Following inactivation of areas 17 and 18 of the visual cortex with topical lignocaine, the visual responses of 11, previously AP5-sensitive, neurones were no longer reduced by AP5 ejection. The cortical input is generally assumed to influence the directional responses of visual neurones in SSC. However, detailed study of the directional bias showed that the degree of directional tuning in SSC neurones was similar to that of retinal ganglion cells, as previously described by others. Moreover, inactivation of the visual cortex with topical lignocaine did not alter the directional bias of SSC neurones. Likewise, the directional bias of SSC neurones was not reduced by iontophoretic ejection of AP5 in the SSC. These data imply that NMDA receptors have an important role in mediating the cortical input to the SSC. However, cortical input does not appear to be responsible for conferring directional bias upon SSC neurones' visual responsiveness.