Montenegro

Overview

Montenegro decriminalised homosexuality in 1977 while discrimination was officially outlawed in 2010. Same-sex marriages are constitutionally forbidden, and adoption for same-sex couples is also not permitted. LGBT persons are allowed to serve in the army, but openness is not encouraged. The first Gay Pride was held in July 2013 in the coastal town of Budva. Higher and University level education does not offer the study of LGBTQ and Gender. Most work is done by Civil Society organisations and NGOs.

• An overview of rights and legal acts by ILGA Europe [in English].
• Country ranking by ILGA Europe [in English].

Resources

Books

• Bilić, B., & Radoman, M. (2019). Lesbian activism in the (post-)Yugoslav space: Sisterhood and unity.  Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan.
• Bilić, B. (2016). LGBT activism and Europeanisation in the post-Yugoslav space: On the rainbow way to Europe. (Palgrave studies in European political sociology). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
• Petrović, Petrović, Petrović, Tanja, & Petrović, Tanja. (2014). Mirroring Europe: Ideas of Europe and Europeanization in Balkan societies. (Balkan studies library; v. 13). Leiden: Brill.
• Rosić Ilić, T., Koteska, J. and Ljumović, J. (eds). (2015). Representation of Gender Minority groups in Media: Serbia, Montenegro and Macedonia. Belgrade: Faculty of Media and Communications, Singidunum University.
• Zekovic, A., & Montenegro. Vrhovni sud, issuing body. (2014). LGBT prava: Standardi i sudska praska. Podgorica? : Virhovni sud Crne Gore i LGBT Forum Proges.

Repositories

• E-theses of the University of Montenegro - is assigned for search and download of doctoral dissertations from University of Montenegro. It is a part of the Digital repository of the University of Montenegro – PHAIDRA [in Montenegrin and English].

Data and statistics

• Montenegro hate crime data by OSCE ODIHR [in English].
• State-Sponsored Homophobia report - latest edition, includes maps and dataset, ILGA Europe - a world survey of sexual orientation laws + older editions [in English].

Reports

• Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Intersex People in Montenegro covering the period of January to December 2020. ILGA Europe [in English].
• ECRI - Country monitoring in Montenegro. Reports, 1998 - 2020 [in English].
• ILGA-Europe's submissions to Progress Reports of the European Union [in English].
• Life on the Margins: Survey Results of the Experiences of LGBTI People in Southeastern Europe. World Bank Group, September 2018 [in English].
• Montenegro report on the implementation of the Council of Europe Committee of Ministers Recommendation CM/REC (2010)5 on measures to combat discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation or gender identity. Submitted to the Council of Europe for the Review process 2018/2019 by Association "Spectra" [in English].

News portals

• BalkanInsight - a website of the Balkan Investigative Reporting Network, that focuses on news, analysis, commentary and investigative reporting from southeast Europe [in English].

Digital libraries and archives

• National Library of Montenegro Digital Library - includes the most valuable collections of the National Library, like manuscripts, books, newspapers and magazines [in Montenegrin and English].

Organisations

• ERA - LGBTI Equal Rights Association for Western Balkans and Turkey [in English]
• Kvir Montenegro - more active via Facebook [in Montenegrin].
• LGBT Progress is the oldest LGBT organisation in Montenegro [in Montenegrin and English].
• Spektra - is working on promotion and protection of human rights of trans, gender diverse and intersex persons in Montenegro [in Montenegrin and English].

Other resources

• ERA - Online Resource Centre [in English].
• Exhibition Queer Montenegro - the exhibition took part during the annual conference of ERA - LGBTI Equal Rights Association for Western Balkans and Turkey and during Montenegro Pride [in English].
• Write Queer is an annual regional competition for short stories on Queer writing run by Queer Montenegro [in Montenegrin].