Peter Lunt, Dept of Psychology, UCLSocial Psychology. The discipline is being redefined. Changing eg away from behaviourism - scientific approach to psychology. View eroded to cognitive psychology - finding systems, machines and paradigms for psychology.
VEering towards congnitive neuropsychology. Physiological approaches rejected by cognitive psychologists. Models for learning processes physio.
Giving up on cognitive. No longer any psychology. Sociology or neurology.
Died in 1963.
Our conceptions come from a modernist conception of psychology. Can't handle it.
TV and its audiences
Sonia Livingstone collaboration (1984)
Audience studies concerned with reception of messages. How they react to messages. Comprehension, acceptance etc. Social cognition research in 1960s
1970s in relation to cultural studies
People could do more with the programme and be more active. Key issue was critical, ideological stance. Opened up broader conceptions of social identity.
Positivist scientific studies. Cultural studies including Marshall McLuhan - could not see how research could proceed. Could not see how audience reserach could take place.
Interested in talk shows
Introduction
Analysis
Genre
Audience
Expertise
Public Sphere
quoted in Scannel and cardiff (1991) people whould be excluded 'whose status, either professionally or social, and whose qualifications to speak seem doubtfulÓ Lord Reith TV programmes to mass audience which represents established institutions early approach.
Changing role - eg Kilroy challenges Lord Reith and early approach.
1980s break down of public service ethic. Different kind of approach from conservative government.
Talk shows signify the creation of a new kind of space for people to speak. Moving towards being a forum. What kind of social theory could be applied to this kind of new forum or space.
Programming has changed with the introduction of these programmes Video diaries, election coverage.
1990 general public Carpignano
1) audible public
2) the visible but inarticulate public
3) real people - eg Beadle's about
4 The edited public - vox pops
5) Public as protagonist talk show, conversing, debating
Habermas - tv is becoming a huge public space and is influencing the kind of work produced and the way. Habermas cafe society - anyone can enter, but it is not a public sphere. Talk shows are open access - you can gain access where it was previously denied. It is public space but not in the public sphere.
Eva - public spaces on tv can be likened to public parks etc
CArey - tactical Media and community tv
Si - does real life reflect on the tv programmes? Any research on this. Global tv differences in presentation nationally.
American Queen for the Day - daytime games show. draw lots as they went in. someone would be selected and pampered and granted
Randomness is interesting. Who is being represented? A perception of how audience can be represented. A certain kind of exposure.
Kilroy - pyramid. Division of experts - audience. Acknowledgement of audience. Kilroy Queen for the Day.
Turn back to camera to draw people in. Asks selective question to eliminate doctors. Anecdotal. Uses therapeutic devices and then lets go of him. Interaction as therapeutic space.
Susan - has this changed the way he negotiates and interacts.
Kilroy - microphone as sword. Like Japanese warrior - romance hero. Hero saving patients from their doctors. Spaces as model for expertise and media as a forum or space to bring together ordinary people with expertise. Kilroy always on the side of ordinary people
Previous
Lay Expert
subjective objective
ungrounded grounded
emotional replicabl
concrete abstract
Talk show
authentic alientated
narrative fragmented
hot cold
relevant irrelevant
in depth superficial
It is not their authenticity - it is the mode of interaction and the way relationships are built up within the space.
Expert position almost disappears in this programme.
Social theory around public sphere. Challenges to Habermas. Public spaces can operate as public spheres. Habermas - public sphere aiming political consensus. Challenges -- can we compromise and bring our identities. Expression of different vioces. More to do wiht inquiry.
Work on public consumption. Home/tele shopping. Macro and micro level.
Targetted advertising via tv - already happens on internet. Micromarketing. social identities within space. Social psychology is about this but there are no mechanisms to work with this.
Simon - could the distinctions between lay and expert be applied to art. Yes it is possible to look at this way. It is interesting that we as artists are talking about interactivity. What constitutes public space? How do we set up relations with audience.
Need people to write about social interaction, art and audience. Transactional psychology may be a starting point but there is not a real discipline in place to work from.
People breaking out of institutions in art - Richard Brown. How will we as artists broker that?
Need to access more scientific studies - it is not possible to do this. Interdisciplinary work assumes certain things of other disciplines from its base which is often misinformed. Birmingham Cultural Studies 1960s.
Doubt within disciplines about definitions - in order to enrich work rather than intellectualism.
Other thing is what is this guilt. Common concern across disciplines
Richard - are artists forced to articulate?
Need to provide a secondary account of the work because of insecurities.
Simon - and erroneous connections. Richard - taking things out of context.
Assumptions about how people work. Artists should provide a challenge - artists using a metaphor. scientists using a representation.
Art/Science are two kinds executive toy.