Artificial blue
(often called "Egyptian blue"
but developed in Mesopotamia/Syria?)

Egyptian blue is a synthetic pigment composed of various phases containing silica (SiO2), copper (Cu) and calcium (CaCo3)

Artificial green
("green frit")

The major phases of this material are copper wollastonite (Ca, CU)3 (Si3O9) and a glassy phase rich in copper, sodium and potassium.

Orange

orpiment (As2S3) or pararealgar (the gamma form of AsS)