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Richard J Miles , Claire Kerridge, Laura Hilditch, Christopher Monit , David A Jacques, Greg J Towers MxB sensitivity of HIV-1 is determined by a highly variable and dynamic capsid surface Elife 2020 Jun 17;9:e56910. doi: 10.7554/eLife.56910.
Che C Colpitts, Sophie Ridewood, Bethany Schneiderman, Justin Warne, Keisuke Tabata, Caitlin F Ng, Ralf Bartenschlager, David L Selwood, Greg J Towers Hepatitis C virus exploits cyclophilin A to evade PKR Elife 2020 Jun 16;9:e52237. doi: 10.7554/eLife.52237.
Rebecca P Sumner, Lauren Harrison, Emma Touizer, Thomas P Peacock, Matthew Spencer, Lorena Zuliani-Alvarez, Greg J Towers Disrupting HIV-1 capsid formation causes cGAS sensing of viral DNA EMBO J. 2020 Oct 15;39(20):e103958. doi: 10.15252/embj.2019103958. Epub 2020 Aug 27.
Petrillo C, Thorne LG, Unali G, Schiroli G, Giordano AMS, Piras F, Cuccovillo I, Petit SJ, Ahsan F, Noursadeghi M, Clare S, Genovese P, Gentner B, Naldini L, Towers GJ, Kajaste-Rudnitski A Cyclosporine H Overcomes Innate Immune Restrictions to Improve Lentiviral Transduction and Gene Editing In Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Cell Stem Cell. 2018 Dec 6;23(6):820-832.e9. doi: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.10.008. Epub 2018 Nov 8.
Mlcochova P, Caswell SJ, Taylor IA, Towers GJ, Gupta RK. DNA damage induced by topoisomerase inhibitors activates SAMHD1 and blocks HIV-1 infection of macrophages. EMBO J. 2018 Jan 4;37(1):50-62. doi: 10.15252/embj.201796880. Epub 2017 Oct 30.
Mlcochova P, Sutherland KA, Watters SA, Bertoli C, de Bruin RA, Rehwinkel J, Neil SJ, Lenzi GM, Kim B, Khwaja A, Gage MC, Georgiou C, Chittka A, Yona S, Noursadeghi M, Towers GJ, Gupta RK. A G1-like state allows HIV-1 to bypass SAMHD1 restriction in macrophages. EMBO J. 2017 Mar 1;36(5):604-616. doi: 10.15252/embj.201696025. Epub 2017 Jan 25.

David A. Jacques, William A. McEwan, Laura Hilditch, Amanda J. Price, Greg J. Towers, Leo C. James. HIV-1 uses dynamic capsid pores to import nucleotides and fuel encapsidated DNA synthesis. Nature. 2016 Aug 18;536(7616):349-53
Fletcher AJ, Christensen DE, Nelson C, Tan CP, Schaller T, Lehner PJ, Sundquist WI, Towers GJ. TRIM5α requires Ube2W to anchor Lys63-linked ubiquitin chains and restrict reverse transcription. EMBO J. 2015 Aug 4;34(15):2078-95. doi: 10.15252/embj.201490361
Rasaiyaah, J., C. P. Tan, A. J. Fletcher, A. J. Price, C. Blondeau, L. Hilditch, D. A. Jacques, D. L. Selwood, L. C. James, M. Noursadeghi and G. J. Towers. 2013. HIV-1 evades innate immune recognition through specific co-factor recruitment. Nature (2013) doi:10.1038/nature12769
Price, A. J., A. J. Fletcher, T. Schaller, T. Elliot, K. Lee, V. N. Kewalramani, J. Chin, G. J. Towers, and L. C. James. 2012. CPSF6 defines a conserved capsid interface that modulates HIV-1 replication. PLoS pathogens 8:e1002896
Schaller, T., K. E. Ocwieja, J. Rasaiyaah, A. J. Price, T. L. Brady, S. L. Roth, S. Hue, A. J. Fletcher, K. Lee, V. N. Kewalramani, M. Noursadeghi, R. G. Jenner, L. C. James, F. D. Bushman, and G. J. Towers. 2011. HIV-1 Capsid-Cyclophilin Interactions Determine Nuclear Import Pathway, Integration Targeting and Replication Efficiency. PLoS Pathog 7:e1002439
Hué S, Gray ER, Gall A, Katzourakis A, Tan CP, Houldcroft CJ, McLaren S, Pillay D, Futreal A, Garson JA, Pybus OG, Kellam P, Towers GJ. 2010. Disease-associated XMRV sequences are consistent with laboratory contamination. Retrovirology 7:111.

Ylinen, L. M., Price, A. J., Rasaiyaah, J., Hue, S., Rose, N. J., Marzetta, F., James, L. C. & Towers, G. J. 2010. Conformational Adaptation of Asian Macaque TRIMCyp Directs Lineage Specific Antiviral Activity. PLoS Pathogens 6: e1001062
Mallery, D. L., W. A. McEwan, S. R. Bidgood, G. J. Towers, C. M. Johnson, and L. C. James. 2010. Antibodies mediate intracellular immunity through tripartite motif-containing 21 (TRIM21). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107:19985-19990.

Price, A. J., F. Marzetta, M. Lammers, L. M. J. Ylinen, T. Schaller, S. J. Wilson, G. J. Towers* and L. C. James*. 2009. Active site remodelling switches HIV specificity of antiretroviral TRIMCyp. Nature Struct Mol Biol 16: 1036-42 * Corresponding Authors
Gupta, K. R., S. Hué, T. Schaller, E. Verschoor, D. Pillay and G. J. Towers. 2009. Mutation of a single residue renders human tetherin resistant to HIV-1 Vpu-mediated depletion. PloS Pathogens 5:e1000443
Wilson, S. J., Webb, B. L. J, Ylinen, L. M. J., Verschoor, E., Heeney, J. L., and G. J. Towers. 2008 Independent evolution of an antiviral TRIMCyp in Rhesus Macaques Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 105: 35507-62
Keckesova, Z., Ylinen, L. M. J. Towers, G. J. 2004. The human and African green monkey TRIM5a genes encode Ref1 and Lv1 retroviral restriction factor activities. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101: 10780-5
Towers, G. J., Hatziioannou, T., Cowan, S., Goff, S. P., Luban, J., and Bieniasz, P. D. 2003. Cyclophilin A modulates the sensitivity of HIV-1 to host restriction factors. Nature Med 9: 1138-43

Best, S., Le Tissier, P., Towers, G, Stoye, J. P. 1996. Positional cloning of the mouse retrovirus restriction gene Fv1. Nature 382: 826-829