Contact
Open PhD and postdoc positions will be advertised here.
Our vision to intercept cancer
Our team believes that the immune system can be weaponised to detect and intercept the development of invasive tumours. We are exploring this idea by addressing three questions:
- How do T cells engage with developing neoplasia during carcinogenesis?
- Can we exploit signals of early T cell engagement to track underlying tumour development?
- What are the defects in the nascent T cell response that we could target to intercept progression of pre-cancerous lesions?
Our ambition is to develop T cell focused blood tests and precision immune-interception drugs that can track and target carcinogenesis, respectively.
Our research: T cell-directed interception of lung cancer
Lung Cancer is the largest cause of cancer mortality worldwide due in part to late-stage presentation and treatment, underscoring an urgent need for new early detection and prevention technologies. Work in pre-clinical models suggests that T cells recognise neoantigens during carcinogenesis, leading to an incipient phase of T cell dysfunction. Several groups have found corresponding evidence of early immune regulation during preinvasive disease in human bronchial biopsies. However, the precise cellular and molecular events that govern this process are undefined. Delineating how the T cell network is regulated and restructured during pulmonary carcinogenesis may unlock methods to track and target lung tumour development.
To tackle this challenge, we are mapping preinvasive T cell recognition, recirculation and regulation in individuals who develop lung cancer during chest computerised tomography (CT) and autofluorescent bronchoscopy surveillance. By applying cross-tissue, antigen-specific multi-omic T cell profiling in samples from individuals developing lung cancer we can precisely define detectable and targetable elements of T cell remodelling during the initial phase of anti-tumour immunity. This data is helping us to define when and how to intercept immune regulatory pathways that foster lung cancer development.
To complement our work in clinical samples we use carefully calibrated autochthonous pre-clinical mouse models, allowing us to test new lung cancer interception regimens and gain deeper mechanistic insight into the immune-regulatory pathways that drive preinvasive pulmonary disease progression. By generating an integrated, T cell-centric framework to track and target development of invasive tumours we hope to identify and prophylactically treat individuals with progressive preinvasive lesions or nodules, so that we can prevent lung cancer. It is possible that a fraction of these pathways will be active in other pre-cancers, allowing us to charter a roadmap for multi-cancer interception.
Our story
The Pre-Cancer Immunology lab was initiated with a UCLH BRC NIHR Fellowship in 2021, before officially launching with funding from a UKRI Future Leaders Fellowship started in June 2022. Since then, we have expanded into a multidisciplinary, vibrant and dynamic team of 18 wet and dry lab basic and clinical researchers undertaking PhDs or Postdoctoral training in Pre-Cancer Immunology. We work across three interconnected cores:
- The T cell Reactivity core, who are profiling epitope specificity of T cells in preinvasive lesions
- The Interception core, who map and target T cell regulation in progressive pre-malignant lesions/nodules
- The Early detection core who are using T cell omics to detect underlying progressive preinvasive disease and identify individuals at risk of cancer.
Research Team
Group Leader
James trained at King's College London studying T cell regulation in autoimmunity, transplantation, and chronic infection before completing a postdoc with Sergio Quezada working on neoantigen specific T cell dysfunction in the TRACERx team led by Charles Swanton. He is a UKRI Future Leaders Fellow and co-leads several national, and global consortia in cancer interception and immunology.
Dr Constantin Ahlmann-Eltze
Postdoctoral Scientist
Early Detection and Interception Cores
Constantin is a computational researcher working on detecting patterns in single-cell RNA-seq and TCR seq data from pre-cancer to detect and intercept tumor development. Before joining UCL, he obtained his PhD at EMBL Heidelberg where he developed statistical methods for the analysis of single-cell data.
Dr Cha obtained her PhD from Samsung Medical Centre in Seoul, before training in computational immunogenomics in the Litchfield and Swanton Labs at the Francis Crick Institute. Hongui's work involves acquiring, curating and analysing data to explore the immune landscape within pre-invasive lesions. Dr Cha aims to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of T-cell mediated anti-tumour immune responses and to identify potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets for precision cancer interception.
Dr Marco De Donatis
Postdoctoral Scientist
Interception Core
Marco earned his BSc in Medical Biotechnology and MSc in Molecular Biology from the University of Milan, including a year as a visiting MRes student at Amsterdam UMC. He completed his PhD at the CRUK Beatson Institute in Glasgow under Dr Leo Carlin, studying tolerogenic dendritic cells in PDAC metastasis in vivo. Marco is now exploring the roles of myeloid and epithelial cells in shaping T-helper cell responses in early-stage NSCLC, using patient-derived explants and preclinical mouse models.
Marta received her BSc in Biotechnology from University College London before pursuing a PhD in Muscosal Immunology at the Francis Crick Institute. Marta is using in vivo and in vitro models to study responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors and identifying new therapeutic targets for NSCLC interception with a focus on unconventional T-cells.
Andrei is an MRC-DTP funded PhD student whose research is focused on how spatial multiomics can inform the prevention of lung cancer. Andrei's PhD project aims to understand the immune system during cancer development, a context in which spatial information is crucial, requiring both web lab and extensive computational work. Andrei is supervised by Dr James Reading (UCL Cancer Institute) and Dr Susan Heavey (Division of Surgery).
Dr Petros Fessas
Clinical Fellow
Interception Core
Petros is a UKRI MRC Clinical PhD fellow undertaking a project in target identification for cancer interception therapies using spatial transcriptomics in non-small cell lung cancer, with a specific focus on optimising responses to neoantigen vaccines. He obtained his medical degree from the University of Cambridge. During his early clinical training, he also undertook a MSc in Genomic Medicine at Imperial College London. He is currently a Medical Oncology specialty registrar in London.
Evie Fitzsimons
PhD Student
Early Detection Core
Evie is a CRUK UCL Centre-funded PhD student co-supervised by Crispin Hiley. Evie is harnessing the exquisite sensitivity of the immune system for early detection of lung cancer, using samples from the Nodule Immunophenotyping Biomarker for Lung Cancer Early Diagnosis Study (NIMBLE). Evie completed her BSc in Medical Science at Exeter University, during which she completed a professional training year at Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital.
Hongchang Fu
PhD Student
Interception Core (Alumni)
Hongchang has a MEng Biochemical Engineering from UCL and is co-supervised by Dr Kevin Litchfield. He has expertise in fluidic engineering and flow cytometry. He is implementing and applying advanced tools for recapitulating the original tumour microenvironment in ex vivo tumour fragment models. He aims to develop a next generation ex vivo model for cancer immunotherapy to study the peripheral contributions and cell fate determination of systemic T cell encountering the tumour microenvironment.
Sam is a computational PhD student supervised by Dr James Reading and Dr Mark Linch. His project aims to harness the peripheral immune system to build a multiomic immune model for the early detection of cancer, with a specific focus on prostate cancer. Sam's project centres around computational analysis of T cell receptor sequencing (TCR-seq) data. Sam competed his undergraduate degree in Exeter before completing an MSc in Cancer at UCL.
Seng Kuong Anakin Ung
PhD Student
Early Detection Core
Anakin is a BRC-funded PhD student seeking to understand how the development of kidney cancer re-shapes the systemic immune system. He aims to design a blood signature that will enable the early detection of renal cell carcinoma. Anakin has a particular interest in the development of tertiary lymphoid structures and the role of B cells in carcinogenesis. Anakin attained his MSc in Immunology at Imperial before working on deep immunological phenotyping in Influenza and HIV-1 infection.
Daniel received his Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) from King's College London. He then undertook General Surgical Training and an NIHR Academic Clinical Fellowship in Birmingham. He has taken time out of medical training to pursue a PhD looking into precision early-stage therapeutics for targets in the tumour microenvironment of pancreatic cancer and its precursor lesions. Daniel is currently being co-supervised by Prof. Stephen Pereira and Dr James Reading.
Claudia is an MRC-DTP PhD student, who received her BSc in Medical Biosciences from Imperial College London and trained in in vivo and in vitro Immunology through laboratory rotations at UCL. Claudia is characterising the peripheral T cell compartment of patients with pre-invasive lung neoplasia via multi-omics and machine learning to inform blood tests that she hopes will detect development and progression of pre-cancerous lesions.
Amber is a CRUK City of London Centre PhD student aiming to define T cell antigen reactivity in pre-invasive lung neoplasia. She has a BSc in Cancer Biology and Immunology from Bristol University with a placement year under Prof. Andy Sewell in Cardiff before joining Achilles Therapeutics. She is developing state-of-the-art T cell antigen specificity profiling platforms and aims to track neoantigen reactive T cell clones through carcinogenesis in patient samples and autochthonous mouse models.
Abigail Yan Le Shurr
PhD Student
Interception Core
Abi is a CRUK funded PhD student focused on the exploration of translational cancer prevention. She uses in vitro patient-derived explant systems and in vivo mouse models to monitor differential cellular compartments in carcinogenesis. She aims to identify novel immune targets for precise interception of pre-invasive to invasive disease. Abi has an MSc in Genomic Medicine from Imperial College and experience in CRISPR-Cas9 based screening platforms at the Functional Genomics Centre, Cambridge.
Teerapon Sahwangarrom
PhD Student
Interception Core
Teerapon is a bioinformatics PhD student funded by the Royal Thai government. Teerapon’s work is focused on computational multi-omics analysis of systemic and local pre-invasive T cell dynamics in pulmonary pre-malignancy to identify potential targets for cancer interception. Teerapon is interested in how T cell regulation and immune escape drive lung cancer development. Teerapon completed his MRes in Bioinformatics at Imperial College London.
Dr Eleanor Wilson
PhD Student
Reactivity Core
Eleanor is an ACED funded PhD student working towards furthering our understanding of tumour reactive T cell phenotypes within pre-invasive lung cancer, delineating their role in advancing or delaying carcinogenesis. She is a qualified Veterinary Surgeon, graduating from the Royal Veterinary College, London. She has developed a platform for characterising T cell receptor repertoires in both solid and circulating canine cancers and has been recognised at the International Canine Health Awards.
Dr Amalie Kai Bentzen
Postdoctoral Scientist
Reactivity Core (Alumni)
Amalie has a BSc Biotechnology and MSc Human Biology from University of Copenhagen and a PhD in Immune Technology from the Technical University of Denmark where she developed novel tools for investigating antigen-specific T cell recognition. She now implements and applies advanced tools for high-throughput mapping of T cell recognition and reactivity in the early stages of cancer, aiming to map the phenotypic and functional characteristics of the cancer-responsive T cells to determine their role
£1.7 million for the world’s first vaccine to prevent lung cancer - Cancer Research UK
Researchers have been granted £1.7 million to develop 'LungVax', the first vaccine to prevent lung cancer in people with a high risk of the disease.
Lab Activities
Selected Publications
- Clonal driver neoantigen loss under EGFR TKI and immune selection pressures. Al Bakir M*, Reading JL*, Gamble S, Rosenthal R, Uddin I, Rowan A, et al. Nature. 2025 Feb 19. *equal contribution
- Beta papillomaviruses: From foe to friend in skin cancer immunity. Lebrusant-Fernandez M, Reading JL+. Cancer Cell. 2025 Jan 13;43(1): 6-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ccell.2024.12.005. +corresponding author
- Tumor heterogeneity impairs immunogenicity in mismatch repair deficient tumors. Reading JL, Caswell DR, Swanton C. Nature Genetics (2023) Sept 27; 55, 1610-1612.
- Pre-Cancer: From diagnosis to intervention opportunities. Hwant ES*, Reading JL*, Yu J, Paolo Dotto G, Grady WM, Czerniak B, Serrano M. Cancer Cell. (2023) Apr 10; 41 (4): 637-640. *equal contribution
- Tracking down tumor-specific T cells. Reading JL, Foster K, Joshi K, Chain B. Cancer Cell. (2022) Apr 11; 40 (4): 351-353.
- Meta-analysis of Tumour and T cell intrinsic mechanisms of sensitization to checkpoint inhibition. Litchfield K*, Reading JL*, Puttick C*, Thakkar K, Abbosh C, Bentham R, et al. Cell. (2021) Feb 4;184(3): 596-614.e14. *equal contribution
- Augmented Expansion of Treg Cells From Healthy and Autoimmune Subjects via Adult Progenitor Cell Co-Culture. Reading JL+, Roobrouck, VD, Hull CM, Becker PD, Beyens J, et al. Front Immunol. 2021 Sep 1;12: 716606. +corresponding author
- Escape from nonsense-mediated decay associates with anti-tumor immunogenicity. Litchfield K*, Reading JL*, Lim EL, Hang Xu, Po Liu, Al-Bakir-M, et al. Nat Commun. 2020 Jul 30;11(1): 3800. *equal contribution
- The T cell differentiation landscape is shaped by tumour mutations in lung cancer. Ghorani E*, Reading JL*+, Henry JY, Massy MRD, Rosenthal R, et al. Nature Cancer (2020) May 1 (5), 546-561. *equal contribution, +corresponding author
- Nature Community Behind the Paper: Tumour neoantigens fuel CD4 and CD8 T cell exhaustion in lung cancer. (video)
- Nature Community Behind the Paper: Coupling T cell differentiation to the lung cancer mutanome via neoantigen surveillance
- Spatial heterogeneity of the T cell receptor repertoire reflects the mutational landscape in lung cancer. Joshi K*, Robert de Massy M*, Ismail M*, Reading JL, Uddin I, Woolston A, et al. Nat Med. (2019) Oct;25(10): 1549-1559.
- Neoantigen-directed immune escape in lung cancer evolution. Rosenthal R, Cadieux EL*, Salgado R*, Bakir MA*, Moore DA*, Hiley CT*, Lund T*, Tanić M, Reading JL, et al. Nature. (2019) March.
- Urine-derived lymphocytes as a non-invasive measure of the bladder tumor immune microenvironment. Wong YNS, Joshi K, Khetrapal P, Ismail M, Reading JL, Sunderland MW, et al. J Exp Med. (2018) Nov 5;215(11): 2748-2759.
- The function and dysfunction of memory CD8+ T cells in tumor immunity. Reading JL*+, Gálvez-Cancino F*, Swanton RC, Lladser A, Peggs K & Quezada S. Immunological Reviews (2018) May;283(1): 194-212. *equal contribution, +corresponding author
- Insertion-and-deletion-derived tumour-specific neoantigens and the immunogenic phenotype: a pan-cancer analysis. Turajlic S*, Litchfield K*, Xu H, Rosenthal R, McGranahan N, Reading JL, Wong YNS, et al. Lancet Oncol. (2017) Aug;18(8): 1009-1021.
- Too Much of a Good Thing? Chronic IFN Fuels Resistance to Cancer Immunotherapy. Reading, JL & Quezada SA (2016). Immunity, 45 (6), 1181-1183.
Associated programmes
International Alliance for Cancer Early Detection
The International Alliance for Cancer Early Detection (ACED) is a £55M global partnership between Cancer Research UK, Stanford, Cambridge, OHSU, UCL, and Manchester to advance early cancer detection.
Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre
The Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMC) Network is a unique UK-wide initiative jointly funded by Cancer Research UK and the Health Departments of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.
Funding