In 2010 a specialized tribunal dealing with appeals from new environmental civil sanctions was established as part of the new First-tier Tribunal in England and Wales. In 2011 Professor Macrory was asked by the then Senior President of Tribunals to examine the provision for statutory appeals in some 60 pieces of environmental legislation from emissions trading to environmental permitting. Consistency and Effectiveness – Strengthening the New Tribunal (Centre for Law and the Environment 2011) concludes that the appeals go to a wide range of different bodies and that the current arrangements lack common procedures and intellibility. It argues that such appeals would be better handled by the new Environmental Tribunal.