Semi-AuxiliaryA type of AUXILIARY VERB that is also a MULTI-WORD VERB:
SentenceSentences are strings of words
that usually express a proposition. They consist of at least one CLAUSE.
Simple PrepositionA PREPOSITION that consists
of a single word, eg. along the road. Simple SentenceA simple sentence is a sentence
which contains only one clause, e.g. John plays football for Liverpool.
SingularA value of NUMBER CONTRAST
used when a single entity is being referred to. The converse of PLURAL.
Small ClauseA small clause is a subordinate
clause that contains no verb, as in It made John happy.
Stranded PrepositionPREPOSITIONS are usually followed by nouns. Stranded prepositions do not, as in the following examples:
SubjectSubjects can often be described
as the constituent that performs the action described by the Predicate,
e.g. John kicked the ball. The Predicate is kicked the ball
and John performs this action; so John is the Subject of
this sentence. Subject ClauseA Subject clause is a Subject
of a Predicate in the form of a clause. For example, To leave now would
be rude. The Subject of would be rude is the clause to leave
now. This is a type of subordinate clause. Subjective CaseThe form which pronouns take
when they function as Subject: he, she, it, we, they are subjective
personal pronouns. Subject ComplementA Subject Complement occurs with a copular verb. It provides additional information about the Subject. For example, Alan is an artist. In this example the noun phrase an artist is the Subject Complement and it provides more information about Alan. SubordinateThis term is the converse of
superordinate. A clause that is lower on the clause hierarchy than another
is subordinate to that one. Every other clause is subordinate to the matrix
clause. One subordinate clause may be subordinate to another, for example
in [I think [that you know [I like coffee]]], I like coffee is
subordinate to that you know. Subordinate ClauseA subordinate clause occurs
at a lower level than some other clause. For example, in I'll clean
the bathroom if you clean the lounge, the if-clause
is subordinate to the clause I'll clean the bathroom. Further subordinate
clauses we distinguish are: relative clauses, that-clauses, small
clauses, -ed participle clauses, -ing participle clauses,
to-infinitive clauses, bare infinitive clauses, and comparative
clauses. Subordinating ConjunctionSubordinating conjunctions
introduce SUBORDINATE CLAUSES. Examples include: although, because,
if , since, when, while, etc. Also known as a SUBORDINATOR.
SubordinatorAnother term for SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION.See also SuperlativeIn the sentence The cheetah
is the fastest animal, the ending -est marks the superlative
form of the adjective fast. The cheetah is being compared with
all other animals and is being picked out for its ability to outrun all
the others. Both ADJECTIVES and ADVERBS can be made superlative. Some
words do not take the -est ending but require most as in
the following example: She was once described as the most beautiful
woman in the world. SuperordinateThe converse of SUBORDINATE.
A clause higher in the clause hierarchy to another one is superordinate
to it. A matrix clause is superordinate to all other clauses. Syndetic CoordinationThis term refers to COORDINATION
that has a single COORDINATOR between the last two CONJOINS, as in John,
Mary and Bill.
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