Thermal runaway is a major cause of failure in Li-ion batteries (LIBs), and of particular concern for high energy density transport applications, where safety concerns have hampered increased commercialisation. This work aids the development of the understanding of electro-thermal properties and how these relate to structure and operation is vital to improving thermal management of LIBs. A combined thermal imaging, X-ray tomography and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy approach was applied to commercially available 18650 cells to study their thermal characteristics.
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