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URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES
& MANAGEMENT | appropriate technology
Promoting the use of
appropriate technology, include the experimentation with new
or improved construction techniques, the application of low
cost building technology, the use of appropriate materials
and the directions of applied research.
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local level
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UN-Habitat (2002) - Best Practice - Community Bridge
Building, Kathmandu [pdf]
Nepal - BBLL was established to aid Nepali
Communities to revive their traditional bridge building
skills and self-help attitude. The technology that was subsequently
developed was built on the traditional bridge of Baglung-District
while local materials and local labor were maximized and
the environmental impact minimized.
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city level
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Kumara, D.G.J. Prema (2000) - Compost Bins as an Alternative
Solution for the Household Solid Waste Problem in Urban
Areas - Sevanatha [pdf]
Sri Lanka - Mt. Lavinia Municipal Council
(DMMC) is the second largest municipal council and is located
adjacent to the Colombo Municipality in Sri Lanka. The total
population in the DMMC area was approximately 217,000 in
1999. The total land area of DMMC is 21 sq. kilometres,
of which 40% is covered with the low-lying wetlands and
the beaches. Major industries of Colombo Metropolitan Area
are
located within DMMC borders. Like many other cities in the
developing countries, the DMMC urban area has been experiencing
the challenges of managing its solid waste.
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international level
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Coupe, Stuart (2001) - Technology and Poverty -
ITDG [pdf]
Poor people must be enabled to make technology choices.
In developing countries, e.g. 65-75% of sub-Saharan Africa,
most poor people do not have access to formal sector employment.
They must forge their livelihoods in the private, informal
sector, working in their fields, homes and small workshops,
making vital decisions about the best use of their limited
assets in order to survive on the tightest of margins. Development
practitioners should apply the three A's test to whatever
they do and ask themselves if the technology they are proposing
is; 1. Affordable,
2. Appropriate, 3. Accessible.
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Pauli, Gunter (1999) - Towards a Technology Strategy
for Sustainable Livelihoods, UNDP [pdf]
There are 1.3 billion people living in extreme poverty
and suffering from major shortcomings in terms of food,
water, health services, housing, energy and jobs. With so
many basic needs unsatisfied, there must be a way to translate
human creativity (Research and Development) into tools (Science
and Technology) for the betterment of human living conditions.
In addition, we are witnessing the
finite nature of natural resources and the beginnings of
large-scale negative consequences of not designing technologies
with the environment: We have seen as well the negative
consequences of not designing the process within the context
of the human user’s skills, interests, priorities,
cultural orientation and resources. This paper lays the
groundwork for consideration of these issues and attempts
to set forth some of the strategies for adaptation of technology
in the context of the Sustainable livelihoods approach.
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weblinks |
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Documents highlighting DFID's published
work and publication in support of appropriate technologies
in urban areas: |
Barton,Tamsyn (2001) - "Integrated
water supply project, Zimbabwe" - ITDG [pdf]
Zimbabwe - The project was conceived
in 1995, after local leaders noticed ITDG's involvement
in the Nyafaru micro-hydro scheme about 6km away.
They approached ITDG's energy specialists, and out
of this a truly cross-sectoral project began, with
plans for water supply for consumption (60 litres
per capita per day), for agriculture (total 30 ha)
and energy supply for school and other public buildings
including a community-owned mill. But the entry-point,
after the participatory community survey, was water
supply. |
ITDG (n.d) - Technology, Post
Disaster Housing Reconstruction And Livelihood Security:
4
Case Studies [pdf]
Pakistan: Floods, housing reconstruction
and gender vulnerability
Guatemala: Earthquake; Linking reconstruction
to development
Peru: Earthquake;participatory technology
development
Vietnam: Floods; Replication versus
pragmatism |
Lowe, Lucky (2001) - "Sustainable livelihoods in
Sudan - Manager, Knowledge and Information Services
Unit" - ITDG [pdf]
Sudan - This is the story of brick
producers and their families in Eastern Sudan, living
in a context where brick production traditionally
is in the hands of middle-class businessmen, who reap
the main profits and pay little to the workers. ITDG's
project interventions gave support to a group of workers
from the peri-urban village of Shambob to manage their
own brick enterprise. Technological capacity-building
aimed to improve brick quality, increase energy efficiency,
and establish production in order to meet the demand
of urban markets. |
Lowe, Lucky (2001) - Nakuru - a study in urbanization
- ITDG [pdf]
Kenya - The goal of ITDG's Integrated
Urban Housing Project is to contribute to the international
programme of work to increase the access of the low-income
households and the poor to adequate safe and secure
shelter. More specifically the project purpose is
to identify and promote a sustainable shelter delivery
strategy for the urban poor, which can be adopted
by governments in Kenya and India. The project, supported
by DFID, is researching and acting
at the local level to inform and influence the wider
debate among agencies, public sector bodies and policy
makers. |
Khennas, Smail (2001) - "Stoves for rural livelihoods"
- ITDG [pdf]
Kenya - More than two thirds of
the population of Kenya rely on biomass (wood, charcoal
and agricultural residues) for their energy needs.
The majority of biomass energy users live in poor
communities that are facing problems associated with
the continuous use of inefficient stoves or three-stone
fires. Although improved stoves are not the only means
of addressing this issue, they play a crucial role
in reducing fuel consumption and contributing to improving
overall family health and safety in the kitchen. |
Barton,
Tamsyn (2001) - "Rainwater harvesting in
Turkana" - ITDG [pdf]
Kenya - This series of projects
originally arose as a response to the highly vulnerable
context of famine, affecting Turkana herders in northwest
Kenya. The Turkana are semi-nomadic pastoralists,
mainly dependent on their herds of cattle, camels,
sheep and
goats. Their nomadic lifestyle is a way of coping
with periodic drought, moving animals to fresh pasture
and water sources, but
this way of life is increasingly difficult, with less
and less natural capital accessible to them. |
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