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History of British Sign Language

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BSL Timeline

673-735

First defined use of fingers to create an alphabet.


 

1253-1257

Princess Katherine Plantagenet born deaf, dies at ages of 3.


1428-1486

Princess Joanna of Scotland - reported to have communicated using sign language interpreters.


 

1450

Publication of the History of the Syon Monastery at Lisbon and Brentford. Contains descriptions of signs some, of which are still in use.


1576

Earliest documented use of sign language in the registry records at St. Martin's Church, Leicester, of a marriage ceremony between Thomas Tilsye and Ursula Russel.


 

1595

Eye-witness accounts of the life of Edward Bone, a Deaf manservant, including how he communicated with Deaf friends and hearing people.


1620-1671

Sir Edward Gostwicke is recorded by the Archdeacon of Bedford and a suitor, Dorothy Osborne, as a user of "signes and tokens".


 

 Sir John Gaudy (1639-1708) and Framlingham Gaudy (1642-1673) are the first Deaf people in the UK reported to have been educated using the manual alphabet and signs.


1648

Publication of John Bulwer's Philocophus: Or the Deafe and Dumbe Man's Friende


 

Alexander Popham (1649-1708) is the first Deaf person in the UK recorded to have been taught by oral methods (although he was first taught with fingerspelling).


1680

Publication of George Dalgarno's Didascalocophus, Or the Deaf and Dumb Man's Tutor, containing a 2-handed manual alphabet.


 

1698

Publication of Digiti Lingua, by an anonymous Deaf author, containing manual alphabet charts that laid the foundation for the British Sign Language two-handed alphabet.


1720

Publication of Daniel Defoe's The History of the Life and Adventures of Mr Duncan Campbell, Deaf and Dumb, containing a manual alphabet chart which closely resembles modern British Sign Language two-handed fingerspelling.


 

1760

Opening of Thomas Braidwood's Academy for the Deaf in Edinburgh, the first school for the Deaf, which saw the education of many famous Deaf sign language users.


1783

Publication of Francis Green's Vox Oculis Subjecta, about the education of an American boy at Braidwood's school and the use of his sign language.


 

1792

Establishment of the London Asylum for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb Poor at Bermondsey, the first public Deaf school in Britain.


John Creasy (1792-1855) first Deaf teacher of the Deaf in England, employed at the London Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb.


 

1809

An author identified only as 'RR' publishes the Invited Alphabet: Or, an address of A to B, with illustrations of the manual alphabet, intended for hearing children.


1822

The first adult Deaf society is established in Glasgow by the then headmaster of the Glasgow Institution for the Deaf and Dumb.


 

1844-1925

Alexandra, Princess of Wales and later the Queen, is Britain's best known Deaf Royal. She was taught fingerspelling and regularly attended Deaf services at St. Saviour's Church, London.


1866

Charles Dicken's Doctor Marigold's Prescription is published - a story about a Deaf girl brought up using signing, who marries a Deaf man and has a hearing child.


 

1880

The Second International Congress on Education of the Deaf, held in Milan, infamously passes several resolutions declaring that sign language was inferior to Oralism, and ought to be banned. This leads to the widespread suppression of sign language in many Deaf schools throughout the world.


1890

The British Deaf and Dumb Association is founded in response to the influence of the Milan Congress resolutions.


 

1893

The Elementary Education (Deaf and Blind Children) Act is passed. This accepted, in full, the recommendations of the Milan Congress, leading to an era of Oralism in British Deaf schools.


1895

The Guide to Chirology pamphlets are first published by Harry Ash (1863-1934). These ran through until 1920.


 

1911

The forerunner of the current Action on Hearing Loss organisation (RNID) is launched.


1924

The first World Games for the Deaf (now Deaflympics) are held in Paris.


 

1944

The National Deaf Children's Society is formed, coinciding with a new Education Act.


1964

The first public demonstration of a TTY (known in Britain as a Minicom).


 

1971

The British Deaf and Dumb Association re-brands itself as the British Deaf Association (BDA).


1975

The first documented reference to British Sign Language as the name of the language of Britain's Deaf Community (Brennan 1975, in American Annals of the Deaf).


 

1977

The organisation that grew into today's Signature is established, as the DHSS Communication Skills Project.


1977-1979

Research projects into British Sign Language are set up in Moray House (University of Edinburgh), the Centre for Deaf Studies (University of Bristol) and the Sign Language Linguistics Group (University of Newcastle).


 

1979

The National Union for the Deaf is formed by a group of radical Deaf people impatient with the lack of progress made by other deaf organisations. One of its key successes is laying the foundations of the BBC See Hear television series.


1979

The Warnock Report was published, advocating the integration of Deaf and disabled children into mainstream education. This eventually led to the closure of many residential schools for the Deaf.


 

1985

The International Congress on the Education of the Deaf, held in Manchester, saw what Deaf historians regard as the 'true birth' of the campaign for the use and the recognition of British Sign Language. Deaf delegates and international Deaf groups abandon the Congress and join to organise an 'Alternative Conference' at Manchester's Deaf Centre.


1990

Deaf Studies programmes are established at the University of Central Lancashire (Preston) and University of Wolverhampton to encourage people to obtain degrees in British Sign Language related subjects.


 

1995

Bencie Woll becomes the first Professor of Sign Language and Deaf Studies in the UK, at City University London


1995

The Disability Discrimination Act is passed.


 

1999

Rachel Sutton-Spence and Bencie Woll publish Linguistics of British Sign Language, still regarded as the definitive work on British Sign Language Linguistics.


1999

The first British Sign Language march of the Campaign for the Recognition of BSL takes place in London.


 

2003

British Sign Language is officially recognised by the British Government.


2006

DCAL (the Deafness Cognition and Language Research Centre) is established in University College London.


 

2010

The 21st International Congress on the Education of the Deaf, held in Vancouver, Canada passes a resounding resolution that rejects the motions passed back in Milan in 1880.