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The Soundbites and Director's Seminars series are public events hosted by the UCL Institute for Global Prosperity, and open to all.
Events archive:
- Autumn 2024
2024 Autumn Series
Dreams, Desires and Aspirations: Imaginative Landscapes of Prosperity
At UCL Institute for Global Prosperity we are working towards a new model of prosperity for the 21st century, reworking the way we conceive and run our economies, our societies, and our relationship with the planet. Our social and collective imaginaries, dreams, and aspirations are at the core of that mission, not only in understanding how people strive towards ideas of prosperity, but in unearthing how and why different ideas are constructed as they are. This term, we are inviting scholars, novelists, politicians, artists, and film-makers to help us excavate some of the imaginary forces that brought ‘prosperity’ to where it is today, and where it might be taken tomorrow.
Soundbites
- Thursday October 24, 1pm: Imagining a better future: Conservation and forest restoration with Professor Anil Madhavapeddy
- Thursday November 14, 1pm: Citizen designer: Problems and opportunities with Sarah Wigglesworth MBE
- Thursday November 28, 1pm: A dream of adequate housing: Dealing with the “unplannable” for capabilities’ flourishing with Sebastian Paredes Smith and Marisol Layseca
- Thursday December 12, 1pm: Ancestral futures for a changing planet with Prof Inanna Hamati-Ataya
Director's Seminars
- Thursday October 3, 4:30pm: Dreaming Pride with Lord Chris Smith
- Thursday October 17, 4:30pm: Pathways to desirable urban futures UK Week Director's Seminar with Prof Beth Perry
- Thursday October 31, 4:30pm: Imagining coexistence beyond liberal multiculturalism with Prof Erica Weiss
- Thursday November 21, 4:30pm: Is the disorder of our times unprecedented? with Prof Ayse Zarakol
- Thursday December 5, 4:30pm: Imagining social justice with radical individuality with Prof Humeira Iqtidar
- Spring 2024
2024 Spring Series
Deliberative democracy: Rethinking democracy for 21st century prosperity
Democratic systems are facing challenges, with a disconnect between local and national systems. However, we are witnessing the rise of populism, post-truth movements, growing inequalities, and a lack of trust in politics and political systems. At the same time, we can observe a flourishing of local activism and the emergence of deliberative and participatory forms of democracy at the community level. By examining theory and practice alongside leading scholars and practitioners, this series of seminars and soundbites will address significant questions in ongoing debates about the structure and evolution of democratic futures. It seeks to explore how we can re- imagine democracy for the 21st century and design democratic and deliberative systems that are suited to the challenges we currently face.
This series provides a thought-provoking exploration of the contemporary discussions surrounding deliberative democracy's structure and form, as well as the possibilities for renewing democracy. It aims to stimulate critical thinking and foster open dialogues regarding the challenges confronting us.
Soundbites
- Thursday 11 January, 1pm: Building a deliberative imagination for 21st century challenges
- Thursday 25 January, 1pm: Democracy - not waving but drowning
- Thursday 8 February, 1pm: One size does not fit all: contextualising deliberative democracy
- Thursday 29 February, 1pm: Building participatory infrastructure for a people-led future
- Thursday 14 March, 1pm: What can the UK learn from deliberative democracy in the Global South?
Director's Seminars
- Thursday 18 January, 4:30pm: What kind of democracy do we need for prosperity in the 21st century?
- Thursday 1 February, 4:30pm: The democratic challenge of climate change
- Thursday 22 February, 4:30pm: Making a Difference: Facilitating urban innovation with communities through a place-based approach
- Thursday 7 March, 4:30pm: The politics of designing visions of the future
- Thursday 21 March, 4:30pm: Building democracy and accountability through labour movements in Lebanon
- Autumn 2023
2023 Autumn Series - Cultural Spaces for Democratic Participation, Political Expression and Shared Prosperity
This Director’s Seminars and Soundbites series explores how citizens mobilize new physical and digital channels of political participation, and what can be done to create and adapt these cultural spaces so as they make positive impact on democratic life in the 21st Century.On the one hand, conventional forms of political participation, such as elections and party politics, have suffered from disengagement, disinformation, political polarization, and a growing distance between citizens and their elected representatives. On the other, citizens continuously reframe the boundaries of democratic politics by creating alternative outlets for democratic participation. These unconventional forms of political expression, which include physical and online collective action, street protest, subversion and activism, have become key channels of deliberation and alternative engagement, for younger generations in particular.
The series will examine how physical and online cultural and artistic spaces, such as cultural centres, parks, public libraries, social media platforms and metaverses, can channel that bottom-up political energy, become vectors of political expression and feed into wider political debates, as well as what policies, experiments and designs are needed to support the new forms of democratic participation.
Director's Seminars
5 October, 16.30-18.00: How can we adapt our prosperity thinking for the challenges of the 21st Century? A panel with Professor Jo Beall (LSE), Dr Matthew Davies (University of Cambridge), Dr Marit Hammond (Keele University) and Dr Ruth Yeoman (Kellogg College, University of Oxford).
19 October, 16.30-18.00: Value struggles in the foundational economy: traditional retail markets as commercial property, regeneration opportunity or key provisioning sites?, Professor Sara Gonzalez and Dr Myfanwy Taylor (University of Leeds)
2 November, 16.30-18.00: The Right to Apathy? Seminar with Professor Renata Salecl (Birkbeck University of London)
23 November, 16.30-18.00: Telling ‘graphic’ stories about climate change: representing lived experience from below, Dr Gemma Sou (University of Manchester)
7 December, 16.30-18.00: The politics of improvement: beginning to make things work, Professor Karel Williams (University of Manchester)
Soundbites
12 October, 13.00-14.00: Art for All: promoting belonging and equity through art in the digital age, Lindsay O'Leary (Tate)
26 October, 13.00-14.00: The Sacred and the System, Lucia Pietroiusti (Head of Ecologies at Serpentine, London)
16 November, 13.00-14.00: Embedding culture in planning and urban development: The story of London's creative industries, Tom Campbell (Former Head of Creative Industries at the London Development Agency)
30 November, 13.00-14.00: Impunity and accountability: restricting protest rights through the back door, Katy Watts (Liberty Human Rights Organisation)
14 December, 12.00-13.00: Social and ethical challenges of the metaverse, Richard Benjamins (Telefonica)
- Spring 2023
2023 Spring Series - Prosperity and the Popular
This seminar series looks at the radical potential of ‘the popular’. We start from the view that the social and cultural relations, meanings and artefacts that hold communities together are a platform for critical ideas and strategies that can advance prosperity and inclusion. This perspective is vital at the current historical conjuncture in which multiple crises are creating the conditions for authoritarian populism to take advantage of exclusion and poverty, despite ostensibly promising to remedy the gulf between ‘the people’ and ‘elites.’
Soundbites:
12 January, 13.00-14.00: Immediate Theatre: Telling untold stories, Jo Carter (Immediate Theatre)
26 January, 13.00-14.00: Popular culture and understanding prosperity, inclusion and equity: A conversation, Angela Jansen (Research Collective for Decoloniality and Fashion)
9 February, 13.00-14.00: Embedding culture in planning and sustainable urban development: The transformational power of the creative industries, Tom Campbell (Former Head of Creative Industries at the London Development Agency) THIS EVENT IS CANCELLED AS IT COINCIDES WITH UCU STRIKE ACTION
2 March, 13.00-14.00: The making of 'Stories of Pang Jai', Jimmy Lo (Documentary filmmaker)
16 March, 13.00-14.00: Telling ‘graphic’ stories about climate change: representing lived experience from below, Gemma Sou (University of Manchester)
Director's Seminars:
19 January, 16.30-18.00: Pass the parcel: prosperity, populism and the anti-equalities agenda, Jo Littler (City, University of London)
2 February, 16.30-18.00: Overstandin: A southern methodology, Jaspal Naveel Singh (The Open University)
23 February, 16.30-18.00: Rethinking traditional markets as provisioning sites in an inclusive economy: insights and contributions from the Markets4People project, Sara Gonzalez (University of Leeds) and Myfanwy Taylor (University College London) THIS EVENT IS CANCELLED AS IT COINCIDES WITH UCU STRIKE ACTION
9 March, 16.30-18.00: Post-pandemic hybrid experiments: Collaborative, creative methods for making prosperous futures, Beckie Coleman (Bristol University)
23 March, 16.30-18.00: Looking for sustança: food practices and food insecurity in Brazilian urban peripheries under COVID-19, Gareth Jones, Aiko Akemura and Mara Noguera (London School of Economics)
- Autumn 2022
2022 Autumn Series - Entrepreneurship and Prosperity in Extreme Contexts
We are currently living in times that Peter Atwater in his 2021 Financial Times article, referred to as ‘normalized unprecedentedness’, where extreme events such as increased humanitarian crises, a global health crisis, a cost of living crisis and extreme weather conditions are becoming the norm. These unprecedented occurrences and shocks are happening at such an accelerated pace that they are, as Atwater highlights, becoming our ‘new normal’. These accumulating and interrelated crises create extreme conditions and exert further strain on society. How do we create a path to prosperity in such conditions? This series presents cutting-edge approaches to these challenges from an entrepreneurial perspective. Contributors are leading thinkers, both academic and otherwise, who problematise current assumptions and proffer new ways of thinking and doing to generate prosperity.
Director's Seminars:
6 October, 16.30-18.00: Complying in the ‘right’ way: Competing fiscal rationales in highland Bolivia and the problem of ‘compliance’ in tax studies, Dr Miranda Sheild Johansson (Anthropology, UCL)
20 October, 16.30-18.00: Standing on the shoulders of giants. Connecting current and past research on Grand Challenges, Silvia Dorado-Banacloche (University of Massachusetts Boston)
3 November, 16.30-18.00: Recalibrating entrepreneurship: Myths, fads, and the need to embrace the pluralism of entrepreneurial activity, Pablo Munoz (Durham University Business School)
24 November, 16.30-18.00: Entrepreneurship in Chronic Adversity, Ramzi Fathallah (Telfer School of Management, University of Ottawa) THIS EVENT IS CANCELLED AS IT COINCIDES WITH UCU STRIKE ACTION
8 December, 16.30-18.00: Community Entrepreneurship in a Challenged World: Lessons from Fogo Island, Natalie Slawinski (Gustavson School of Business, University of Victoria)
Soundbites:
13 October, 13.00-14.00: Panel discussion: Responsibly fostering prosperity in Asia through entrepreneurship and technology (Part of the Asia Prosperity Research Hub launch)
27 October, 13.00-14.00: Creating Prosperity in Society-the case of AMAATI, Salma Abdulai (AMAATI)
17 November, 13.00-14.00: Purpose Driven Innovation for building our Future Civilization , Christian Schmitz (Purpose Driven Innovation Ecosystem Group)
1 December, 13.00-14.00: Farm diversification and land-management for a climate-positive future: building a new rural incubator model at an upland farm, Antonia Boyce
15 December, 13.00-14.00: My commitment to the world – Using technology for Good, Dimitris Vassiliadis
- Spring 2022
2022 Spring Series: Modelling Natural Prosperity for the Future
The complex interactions and outcomes that characterise the global climatic and ecological crises require sophisticated modelling, monitoring and measurement across different temporal, spatial and human scales, including governance and policy regimes. This series show-cases cutting edge approaches to climatic and ecological modelling from a range of interdicisplinary perspectives and leading thinkers, both academic and otherwise. The series asks how diverse approaches may be integrated and actioned to generate effective policy responses and forms of natural prosperity.
Soundbites:
13 January, 13.00-14.00: Modeling action on climate change for natural prosperity, Andreas Gieges (Climate Analytics)
27 January, 13.00-14.00: Modelling Climate Change Solutions for Natural Prosperity, Jamie Beck Alexander (Project Draw Down)
10 February, 13.00-14.00: Pollinators, productivity and pesticide use in urban farming: a citizen science approach, Dr Beth Nicholls (University of Sussex)
3 March, 13.00-14.00: Symbiotic Urbanisation for Mutual Prosperity, Sarah Ichioka (Desire Lines)
17 March, 13.00-14.00: Environmental Land Management, and the Landscape Recovery scheme, Dr Kieron Stanley (Department for Environment and Rural Affairs (DEFRA)
Director's Seminars:
20 January, 16.30-18.00: Polar observation and earth modelling; future changes and natural prosperity, Prof. Julienne Stroeve (UCL Earth Sciences)
3 February, 16.30-18.00: Natural Capital, Ecosystem Services, and Sustainable Wellbeing, Prof. Robert Costanza (UCL Institute for Global Prosperity)
24 February, 16.30-18.00: Food systems for planetary prosperity and human health, Prof. Peter Jackson (Sheffield Institute for Sustainable Food)
10 March, 16.30-18.00: Indigenous Environmental History and Its Relevance to Future Prosperity, Prof. Joy Porter (University of Hull)
24 March, 16.30-18.00: CANCELLED Shifting understandings of urban prosperity in the post-Covid era (Joint event with The Bartlett Development Planning Unit)
- Autumn 2021
2021 Autumn Series: Rethinking how we finance prosperity
Soundbites:
7 October, 13.00-14.00: Co-producing financially inclusive systems for a sustainable and just world, Sian Williams (Toynbee Hall)
21 October, 13.00-14.00: Power and purpose: transforming the UK financial system for people and planet, Jesse Griffiths (The Finance Innovation Lab)
4 November, 13.00-14.00: Raising community finance to repower London, Afsheen Kabir Rashid (Repowering)
25 November, 13.00-14.00: Open Banking, Money Management and Mental Health, Bailey Kursar (Touco Lab)
9 December, 13.00.14.00: Financialisation and the Care Crisis, Adrienne Buller (Common Wealth). CANCELLED
Director's Seminars:14 October, 16.00-18.00: The digital refugee economy: an opportunity to leapfrog towards prosperity? Andreas Hackl (University of Edinburgh)
28 October, 16.00-18.00: The Wall Street Consensus at COP26: building a private finance system for net zero, Daniela Gabor (UWE Bristol)
18 November, 16.00-18.00: Rentiers of the Green Economy? Rethinking Finance and Ownership Models for a Low-Carbon Transition, Sarah Knuth (Durham University)
2 December, 16.00-18.00: Minimising pain, maximising joy: what is prosperity in a world of dispossession, disposability and violence? Gargi Bhattacharyya (University of East London) THIS EVENT IS CANCELLED AS IT COINCIDES WITH UCU STRIKE ACTION
16 December, 16.00-18.00: Joint event with The Bartlett Development Planning Unit on Zoonoses
- Spring 2021
Spring Series: Inclusive and Regenerative Economies
Soundbites:
Thursday 14 January, 13.00-14.00: Locally led experimentation: Testing components of Universal Basic Services, Sarah Dew (Camden Council)
Thursday 28 January, 13.00-14.00: Local actions to deliver more inclusive economic growth, Mike Hawking (Joseph Rowntree Foundation)
Thursday 11 February, 13.00-14.00: Beavering away– using the power of nature to underpin sustainable rural business, Archie Ruggles-Brise (Spains Hall Estate)
Thursday 4 March, 13.00-14.00: The urgent need for new models of affordable housing: Learning lessons from London’s Olympic Park, Dr Penny Bernstock
Thursday 18 March, 13.00-14.00: Organic Economies in Africa, Keith Tyrell (Pesticide Action UK)
Director's Seminars:
Thursday 21 January, 16.00-18.00: Inclusive Development Futures, Dr. Indrajit Roy (University of York)
Thursday 4 February, 16.00-18.00: Levelling up our communities: proposals for a new covenant, Danny Kruger MP
Thursday 25 February, 16.00-18.00: Delivering a jobs-rich recovery - with Anneliese Dodds MP
Thursday 11 March, 16.00-18.00: Places of Hope: Using the Deep Place approach for socially, economically, environmentally and culturally sustainable places, Dr Mark Lang (Centre for Deep Place Strategies)
Thursday 25 March, 16.00-18.00: Futuregen: Lessons from a Small Country, Dr Jane Davidson (University of Wales Trinity Saint David)
- Autumn 2020
Soundbites
15.10.20: Joana Dabaj (CatalyticAction)
29.10.20: Universal Basic Services (Andrew Percy)
3.12.20: Inclusive Economy: a localist perspective, Nick Kimber
17.12.20: Sir Simon Woolley CBE
Directors Seminars:
8.10.20: Rebuilding economics post-covid, Dr Ruth Yeoman (University of Oxford)
5.11.20: Health economics post-covid, Professor Andrew Oswald (University of Warwick)
26.11.20: Work, livelihoods and welfare post-covid, Torsten Bell (Resolution Foundation)
- Spring 2020
Soundbites
16.01.20 Averting The Zombie Apocalypse: How planning is killing us and how prototyping will save us
30.01.20 Stimulating Innovation for Prosperity
13.02.20 Applying the rating agency model to financial crime
Director's Seminars
23.01.20 Inclusion on the Edge: Digital Labour and the Social Contract in Nigeria
06.02.20 Shadowy Conjunctions. Biometrics in counter-terror and beneficiary registration: the case of Somalia
27.02.20 Frugality, frugal innovation and 'a good life for all within planetary boundaries'
- Autumn 2019
Soundbites
03.10.19 The Scramble for Data: How & Why Surveillance Is Being Exported
17.10.19 AI and Human Rights Investigations
21.11.19 Data, Power and Consent in Humanitarian Support
05.12.19 Check Global: Building a Digital Literacy Network Across the World
Director's Seminars
10.10.19 Professor Homi Bhabha, On Global Perplexity and Global Prosperity: Migration and Dignity
24.10.19 Migration, Globalisation, Work and Poverty
14.11.19 Performing Rights: Contemporary Art, the Refugee Condition, and the Alibi of Engagement
- Spring 2019
Soundbites
10th January, Food Sovereignty and the Land Workers' Alliance, Jyoti Fernandes, The Land Workers' Alliance
24th January, Ethical Trade, Sarah Roberts, Ethical Tea Partnership
7th February, The Climate Disclosure Project, Carbon Disclosure Project
28th February, How do we fix the food waste problem? Claire Kneller, Waste and Resources Action Programme (WRAP)
14th March, Are Cities the Farms of the Future? Dr Jens Thomas, Farm Urban
Director's Seminars
17th January, Transformative Agroecology: beyond sustainable intensification, Dr Graham Woodgate, UCL Institute of the Americas
31st January, Most Farmers are Subsistence Farmers: How industrial farming is driving monoculture from our gut biomes to our landscapes, and making us sicker and poorer in the process, Shane Holland, Slow Food London
21st February, Why are food systems failing diet-related ill-health - and what can be done about it? Professor Corinna Hawkes, Centre for Food Policy, City University
7th March, The work of the London Food Board, Claire Pritchard, London Food Board
21st March, Digital Food Activism: Reframing Food Politics? Dr Catherine Dolan, Oxford Food Governance Group and Department of Anthropology, SOAS
- Autumn 2018
Soundbites
4th October
Will the London National Park City really change anything? Dan Raven-Ellison, Guerrilla Geographer, National Geographic Explorer, founder of campaign to make London a National Park City
18th October
The Future of Urban Planning, Euan Mills, Urban Futures Lead, Future Cities Catapult
1st November
Geography, Culture and Prosperity as Co-creators of Public Spaces in Cities, Dr Sandra Piesik, 3 ideas Ltd
22nd November
The Production of Play: new forms for civic engagement within contested urban realms, Catalina Pollak-Williamson, artist and architect
6th December
From Vacant to Vibrant: unlocking value through temporary activation of space, Yoana Tulumbadzhieva, London Borough of Waltham Forest
Director's Seminars
11th October
Reinterpreting human history to decouple prosperity and environmental impact, Prof. Mark Maslin, Department of Geography, UCL
25th October
Designing Open Cities, Prof. Ricky Burdett, Professor of Urban Design, Director of LSE Cities and Urban Age
15th November
What is the Human in the Humanities Today? Professor Rosi Braidotti, Distinguished University Professor at Utrecht University
29th November
Special Director's Seminar: Rise Up: Providing homes for key urban workers on London's rooftops, Arthur Kay, SKYROOM and bio-bean
4th December
Special Director's Seminar: Infrastructure, citizenship and urban culture, Professor Henrietta Moore, Professor Suzanne Hall, Professor Nick Tyler, Dr John Bingham-Hall
13th December
Digital Revolution and the State, Dr William H. Janeway
- Spring 2018
Soundbites
Thursdays, 1-2 pm, Room 114 Foster Court, Malet Place, UCL, London, WC1E 6BT
11th January
Changing our housing system, Alastair Parvin, Co-inventor of WikiHouse
25th January
How can we make AI drive prosperity? Olly Buston, Founder of FutureAdvocacy
1st February
An introduction to Universal Basic Services, Andrew Percy, Co-Director of the Social Prosperity Network
8th February
Blockchain in Energy, Joanna Hubbard, Co-founder and COO, Electron
1st March
Entrepreneurship, Professor Stephan Chambers, Inaugural Director of the Marshall Institute, LSE
15th March
Education in the context of mass displacement, Dr Fadi al-Halabi and Dr Brian Lally, General Director and Consultant at Multi-Aid Programs
Director's Seminars
Thursdays, 4-6 pm, G08 Sir David Davies Lecture Theatre, Roberts Building, UCL, London, WC1E 6BT
18th January
An introduction to Degrowth, Dr Jason Hickel, Goldsmiths
6th February
Cultures of Sustainability and Wellbeing: Theories, Histories and Policies, Dr Paola Spinozzi, University of Ferrara, and Dr Massimiliano Mazzanti
22 February (cancelled due to UCU strike)
An introduction to SystemIQ, Jeremy Oppenheim, Senior Managing Partner, SystemIQ
8th March (cancelled due to UCU strike)
An introduction to Artificial Intelligence and Human-computer interaction, Dr Kate Devlin, Goldsmiths
22nd March
Artificial Intelligence and Creativity, Professor Maggie Boden, Research Professor of Cognitive Science, Department of Informatics, University of Sussex
- Autumn 2017
Soundbites
Thursdays, 1-2 pm, Room 114 Foster Court, Malet Place, UCL, London, WC1E 6BT
5th October
The UK's Inclusive Economy Partnership, Alexandra Meagher, Senior Policy Advisor for the Government Inclusive Economy Unit
19th October
The Dark Matter of massive change, Indy Johar, Co-founder of 00, Senior Innovation Associate with the Young Foundation, Co-founder of Dark Matter Laboratories
26th October
Renewable Energy in the UK, Hayden Wood, Co-founder of Bulb
23rd November
Grassroots Finance - Bringing back trust, Stuart Field, Community Development Financial Consultant, Bread Funds
7th December
Rethinking our Digital Lives, Barbara Miranda
Director's Seminars
Thursdays, 4-6 pm, G08 Sir David Davies Lecture Theatre, Roberts Building, UCL, London, WC1E 6BT
12th October
Design, Evolution and Revolution - A Change Agenda for Prosperity, Professor Mikko Koria, Professor of Design Innovation and Director of the Institute for Design Innovation, Loughborough University London
2nd November
Is our economy set up to benefit regular, working people? Professor Guy Standing, Professorial Research Associate and co-President of the Basic Income Earth Network
16th November
Understanding the Good Life: a discussion of current CUSP, Kate Burningham and Sue Venn, Deputy Director and Research Fellow at the Centre for the Understanding of Sustainable Prosperity
30th November
Transitions to sustainable and prosperous places, Dr Clare Melhuish, Director of the UCL Urban Laboratory
14th December
Worldviews on the current economic order, Michael Jacobs, Director of the IPPR Commission on Economic Justice, Visiting Professor in the School of Public Policy, UCL
- Spring 2017
Soundbites
Thursdays, 1-2 pm, Room 114 Foster Court, Malet Place, UCL, London, WC1E 6BT
12th January
Green Infrastructure Consultancy, Gary Grant
26th January
Social Life, Nicola Bacon, Founding Director, Social Life
9th February
Repowering London | Community-owned clean energy in London, Agamennon Otero, Founding Director of Repowering London, Energy Garden and Clean Marine
2nd March
The People Who Share, Benita Matofska, Global Sharing Economy Expert
16th March
Abundance Investment, Bruce Davis, Joint Managing Director (Brand and Marketing), Abundance Investment
Director's Seminars
Thursdays, 4-6 pm, G08 Sir David Davies Lecture Theatre, Roberts Building, UCL, London, WC1E 6BT
19th January
How infrastructure and engineering can transform living conditions and alleviate poverty, Dr Priti Parikh, Senior Lecturer, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Science, UCL
2nd February
Mainstreaming the Internet of Things, Professor Jeremy Watson, Professor of Engineering Systems and Vice-Dean (Mission), Faculty of Engineering, UCL
23rd February
Materials for the 21st Century, Professor Mark Miodownik, Professor of Materials and Society, Mechanical Engineering, UCL
9th March
The Sharing Economy: A Financing Prosperity Network panel
23rd March
Systemic Enfolding: Microfinance, Financial Risk, and Imagining Alternatives, Dr Sohini Kar, Assistant Professor, Department of International Development at LSE