His PhD, entitled ‘Race, Nation, and Eugenics: Radical Ideologies and Politics in Interwar Estonia, 1918-1940’ was examined by Professor David Smith (University of Glasgow) and Dr Sarah Marks (Birkbeck/UCL). Pin-Yu’s supervisors at UCL SSEES were Dr Egbert Klautke, Associate Professor at UCL SSEES; Mart Kuldepp (SELCS) acted as second supervisor.