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Cartoon
by Thomas Nast mocking
Horace
Greeley's call to "clasp hands
over
the bloody chasm",
Harper's Weekly, October 19, 1872, p. 804
From Harpweek.com
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Questions to consider
1. What did congressional Reconstruction policy seek to achieve?
2. How did white Southerners respond to the challenge of Reconstruction?
3. How far was the position of African Americans improved by Reconstruction
policy?
4. To what extent did northerners support Reconstruction policy?
5. What was the impact of the 1873 crash on the politics of Reconstruction?
Primary sources
Diary of a Freedman's Bureau Agent
Thaddeus Stevens
on black suffrage, 1867
The Fourteenth Amendment
A Democratic view of the 15th Amendment
Klan
violence in Georgia, 1871
Introductory
Reading
Eric Foner, Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863-1877
(1988)
Michael W. Fitzgerald, "Reconstruction Politics and the Politics
of Reconstruction" in Brown, ed., Reconstructions:
New Perspectives on the Postbellum United States (2006), pp.
91-116.
Perman, ed., Major
Problems in Civil War and Reconstruction, chapter 11, pp. 321-341
Further
Reading
Politics/aims of Reconstruction
Eric
Foner, "Reconstruction Revisited", Reviews in American
History 10 (1982)
R.
J. Kaczorowski, "To begin the Nation Anew: Congress, Citizenship
and
Civil Rights After the Civil War", American Historical Review 92 (1987)
Kenneth M. Stampp, The Era of Reconstruction, 1865-1877 (1965)
William R. Brock, An American Crisis: Congress and Reconstruction 1865-1867
(1967)
Hans Trefousse, The Radical Republicans: Lincoln's Vanguard for Racial
Justice (1969)
Richard H. Abbott, The Republican Party and the South (1986)
Edward L. Gambill, Conservative Ordeal: Northern Democrats and Reconstruction,
1865-1868 (1981)
Michael
Les Benedict, "The Conservative Basis of Radical Reconstruction" Journal
of American History 61: 1. (Jun., 1974), pp. 65-9061
The black experience
Paul
A. Cimbala "The Freedmen's Bureau, the Freedmen, and Sherman's
Grant in Reconstruction Georgia, 1865-1867" Journal of Southern
History, 55, (1989): 597-632
Loren Schweniger, "Black Reconstruction in the South" in
Eric Anderson
and Alfred A. Moss, Jr, eds. The Facts of Reconstruction (1991), pp.
167-188.
Sandra
E. Small, "The Yankee Schoolmarm in Freedmen's Schools:
An Analysis of Attitudes," Journal of Southern History 45:3
(1979): 381-402
Michael
W. Fitzgerald, "Radical Republicanism and the White
Yeomanry during Alabama Reconstruction, 1865-1868," Journal of
Southern History 54:4 (1988): 565-96
Howard N. Rabinowitz, 'Segregation and Reconstruction' in Eric Anderson
and Alfred A. Moss, Jr, eds. The Facts of Reconstruction (1991),
pp. 79-98.
Carl H. Moneyhon, The Impact of the Civil War and Reconstruction on
Arkansas: Persistence in the Midst of Ruin (1994)
Joel Williamson, After Slavery: the negro in South Carolina during
Reconstruction (1965)
Leon F. Litwack, Been in the Storm So Long: the Aftermath of Slavery
(1979)
Ira Berlin et al, Slaves No More: Three essays on emancipation and
the Civil War (1992)
Robert C. Morris, 'Educational Reconstruction' in Eric Anderson and Alfred
A. Moss, Jr, eds. The Facts of Reconstruction: Essays in Honor of John
Hope Franklin (1991), pp. 141-166.
Peter Kolchin, First Freedom: The Response of Alabama's blacks
to Emancipation and Reconstruction (1974)
Roger A. Fischer, The Segregation Struggle in Louisiana, 1862-1877
(1974)
Julie Saville, The Work of Reconstruction: From Slave to Wage Labor
in South Carolina, 1860-1870 (1994)
Leslie A. Schwalm, A Hard Fight for We: Women's Transition form Slavery to
Freedom in South Carolina (1997)
The white response
James Roark, Masters Without Slaves: The Planters in the Civil War
and Reconstruction (1977)
Dan Carter, When the war was over
Ted Tunnell, Crucible of Reconstruction: War, Radicalism and Race
in Louisiana, 1862-1877 (1984), cc6-9.
Steven Hahn, "Class and State in Postemancipation Societies:
Southern Planters in Comparative Perspective," American Historical Review
(February 1990): 99-123
W. S. McFeely Yankee Stepfather: General O. O. Howard (1968)
Heather Cox Richardson, The Death of Reconstruction, cc. 1-3
John Sproat, The Best Men: Liberal
Reformers in the Gilded Age (1969), chapter 1
Websites
Online
exhibition, America's Reconstruction, text by Eric Foner
Freedmen
and Southern Society Project
Harpweek's Impeachment
of Andrew Johnson
Freedmen's Bureau
Records on-line
PBS Reconstruction: Second Civil War
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