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Dr Axel Petzold

Summary

I graduated from the Medical University of Freiburg (Germany). I received my MD (summa cum laude) in Experimental Ophthalmology with Ted Sharpe (University of Freiburg) and my PhD in Biochemistry with Ed Thompson (University College London). I trained as a neurologist in France (Lyon), Germany (Munich) and the United Kingdom (London). I now work as consultant neurologist at the VU Medical Center Amsterdam and as honorary senior lecturer at the UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square. My research interest is on axonal degeneration mainly in multiple sclerosis and optic nerve disease but also other diseases and models I can learn from.

Research Summary

Neuronal death and axonal degeneration are the key pathological processes disrupting the function of the nervous system. In contrast to demyelination and conduction block, axonal degeneration in the CNS is frequently irreversible and therefore a major cause of permanent disability. My research is focused on the detection, quantification and monitoring of neuronal cell death and axonal degeneration in vivo and in vitro.







The methods I originally developed and now use are based on biomarkers as a surrogate for neuronal death and axonal degeneration. These biomarkers are not only a potentially powerful secondary outcome measure for clinical treatment trials, but also a valuable tool in basic science.







I have used body fluid biomarkers to investigate the dynamics and prognostic value of neuronal death and axonal degeneration in a number of acute and chronic diseases: optic neuritis, multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica, subarachnoid haemorrhage, ischaemic stroke, traumatic brain injury, Guillain-Barré syndrome, West Nile Virus infection, encephalitis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multi-system atrophy, cortico-basal degeneration, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, fronto-temporal lobe dementia and Alzheimer's disease.

Research Activities

  • Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)
  • Protein biomarker

Recent Publications

Displaying 50 most recent publications. For the full list please visit UCL Discovery

  1. Petzold A,Islam N,Plant GT (2013) Patterns of non-embolic transient monocular visual field loss. J Neurol. 10.1007/s00415-013-6902-6.
  2. Balk LJ,Petzold A (2013) Influence of the eye-tracking-based follow-up function in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness using fourier-domain optical coherence tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 54(4). 10.1167/iovs.13-12073.
  3. De Graaff HJ,Wattjes MP,Rozemuller-Kwakkel AJ,Petzold A,Killestein J (2013) Fatal B-cell Lymphoma Following Chronic Lymphocytic Inflammation With Pontine Perivascular Enhancement Responsive to Steroids. JAMA Neurol, 1 - 4. 10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.2016.
  4. Young KL,Brandt AU,Petzold A,Reitz LY,Lintze F,Paul F,Martin R,Schippling S (2013) Loss of retinal nerve fibre layer axons indicates white but not grey matter damage in early multiple sclerosis. Eur J Neurol, 20(5), 803 - 811. 10.1111/ene.12070.
  5. Petzold A,Islam N,Hu H-H,Plant GT (2013) Embolic and Nonembolic Transient Monocular Visual Field Loss: A Clinicopathologic Review Survey of Ophthalmology, 58(1), 42 - 62.
  6. Young KL,Brandt AU,Petzold A,Reitz LY,Lintze F,Paul F,Martin R,Schippling S (2013) Loss of retinal nerve fibre layer axons indicates white but not grey matter damage in early multiple sclerosis European Journal of Neurology, 20(5), 803 - 811.
  7. Stangel M,Fredrikson S,Meinl E,Petzold A,Stüve O,Tumani H (2013) The utility of cerebrospinal fluid analysis in patients with multiple sclerosis. Nat Rev Neurol, 9(5), 267 - 276. 10.1038/nrneurol.2013.41.
  8. Gaitatzis A,Petzold A (2012) Recurrent laughter-induced syncope. Neurologist, 18(4), 214 - 215. 10.1097/NRL.0b013e31825cf1c5.
  9. Petzold A (2012) Microcystic macular oedema in MS: T2 lesion or black hole? Lancet Neurol, 11(11), 933 - 934. 10.1016/S1474-4422(12)70231-4.
  10. Sellner J,Patel A,Dassan P,Brown M,Petzold A (2012) Serum Biomarkers in the Early Course of Ischemic Stroke: Hyperacute Detection of Neurofilament Heavy Chain NEUROLOGY, 78.
  11. Rundgren M,Friberg H,Cronberg T,Romner B,Petzold A (2012) Serial soluble neurofilament heavy chain in plasma as a marker of brain injury after cardiac arrest. Crit Care, 16(2), R45. 10.1186/cc11244.
  12. Storoni M,Verbeek MM,Illes Z,Marignier R,Teunissen CE,Grabowska M,Confavreux C,Plant GT,Petzold A (2012) Serum GFAP levels in optic neuropathies. J Neurol Sci, 317(1-2), 117 - 122. 10.1016/j.jns.2012.02.012.
  13. Balk LJ,Sonder JM,Strijbis EM,Twisk JW,Killestein J,Uitdehaag BM,Polman CH,Petzold A (2012) The physiological variation of the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and macular volume in humans as assessed by spectral domain-optical coherence tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 53(3), 1251 - 1257. 10.1167/iovs.11-8209.
  14. Tewarie P,Balk L,Costello F,Green A,Martin R,Schippling S,Petzold A (2012) The OSCAR-IB consensus criteria for retinal OCT quality assessment. PLoS One, 7(4), e34823. 10.1371/journal.pone.0034823.
  15. Petzold A,Plant GT (2012) The diagnostic and prognostic value of neurofilament heavy chain levels in immune-mediated optic neuropathies. Mult Scler Int, 2012, 217802. 10.1155/2012/217802.
  16. Otto M,Bowser R,Turner M,Berry J,Brettschneider J,Connor J,Costa J,Cudkowicz M,Glass J,Jahn O,Lehnert S,Malaspina A,Parnetti L,Petzold A,Shaw P,Sherman A,Steinacker P,Süssmuth S,Teunissen C,Tumani H,Wuolikainen A,Ludolph A,Volcano Group (2012) Roadmap and standard operating procedures for biobanking and discovery of neurochemical markers in ALS. Amyotroph Lateral Scler, 13(1), 1 - 10. 10.3109/17482968.2011.627589.
  17. Lu CH,Petzold A,Kalmar B,Dick J,Malaspina A,Greensmith L (2012) Plasma neurofilament heavy chain levels correlate to markers of late stage disease progression and treatment response in SOD1(G93A) mice that model ALS. PLoS One, 7(7), e40998. 10.1371/journal.pone.0040998.
  18. Petzold A (2012) Microcystic macular oedema in MS: T2 lesion or black hole? The Lancet Neurology, 11(11), 933 - 934.
  19. Balk LJ,Killestein J,Polman CH,Uitdehaag BMJ,Petzold A (2012) Microcystic macular oedema confirmed, but not specific for multiple sclerosis Brain, 135(12).
  20. Tarnaris A,Toma AK,Chapman MD,Petzold A,Keir G,Kitchen ND,Watkins LD (2012) Erratum: Rostrocaudal dynamics of CSF biomarkers (Neurochemical Research (2011) 36 (528-532) DOI: 10.1007/s11064-010-0374-1) Neurochemical Research, 37(1), 232 - 232.
  21. Balk LJ,de Vries-Knoppert WA,Petzold A (2012) A simple sign for recognizing off-axis OCT measurement beam placement in the context of multicentre studies. PLoS One, 7(11), e48222. 10.1371/journal.pone.0048222.
  22. Romi F,Suzuki S,Suzuki N,Petzold A,Plant GT,Gilhus NE (2012) Anti-voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.4 antibodies in myasthenia gravis. J Neurol, 259(7), 1312 - 1316. 10.1007/s00415-011-6344-y.
  23. Petzold A (2012) Novel biomarkers for detecting neuronal loss.
  24. Tarnaris A,Toma AK,Chapman MD,Petzold A,Keir G,Kitchen ND,Watkins LD (2012) Erratum to: Rostrocaudal Dynamics of CSF Biomarkers. Neurochem Res, 37(1), 232. 10.1007/s11064-011-0609-9.
  25. Tisdall M,Petzold A (2012) Comment on "chronic traumatic encephalopathy in blast-exposed military veterans and a blast neurotrauma mouse model". Sci Transl Med, 4(157), 157le8. 10.1126/scitranslmed.3004403.
  26. Leis AA,Stokic DS,Petzold A (2012) Glial S100B is elevated in serum across the spectrum of West Nile virus infection. Muscle Nerve, 45(6), 826 - 830. 10.1002/mus.23241.
  27. Kuhle J,Leppert D,Petzold A,Regeniter A,Schindler C,Mehling M,Anthony DC,Kappos L,Lindberg RL (2011) Neurofilament heavy chain in CSF correlates with relapses and disability in multiple sclerosis. Neurology, 76(14), 1206 - 1213. 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31821432ff.
  28. Petzold A,Kappos L,Filippi M,Hintzen R (2011) Comments on "Evidence for Acute Neurotoxicity After Chemotherapy" Reply ANN NEUROL, 69(6), 1064 - 1065. 10.1002/ana.22418.
  29. Petzold A,Worthington V (2011) NORMAL CSF FERRITIN LEVELS IN MS SUGGEST AGAINST ETIOLOGIC ROLE OF CHRONIC VENOUS INSUFFICIENCY Reply NEUROLOGY, 76(24), 2130 - 2131.
  30. Petzold A,Barkhof F,Polman C (2011) NORMAL CSF FERRITIN LEVELS IN MS SUGGEST AGAINST ETIOLOGIC ROLE OF CHRONIC VENOUS INSUFFICIENCY Reply NEUROLOGY, 76(24), 2131 - 2132.
  31. Petzold A,Tozer DJ,Schmierer K (2011) Axonal damage in the making: neurofilament phosphorylation, proton mobility and magnetisation transfer in multiple sclerosis normal appearing white matter. Exp Neurol, 232(2), 234 - 239. 10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.09.011.
  32. Tisdall MM,Rejdak K,Kitchen ND,Smith M,Petzold A (2011) The Prognostic Value of Brain Extracellular Fluid Nitric Oxide Metabolites After Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurocrit Care. 10.1007/s12028-011-9633-5.
  33. Kuhle J,Petzold A (2011) What makes a prognostic biomarker in CNS diseases: Strategies for targeted biomarker discovery? Part 2: Chronic progressive and relapsing disease Expert Opinion on Medical Diagnostics, 5(5), 393 - 410.
  34. Kuhle J,Petzold A (2011) What makes a prognostic biomarker in CNS diseases: Strategies for targeted biomarker discovery? Part 1: Acute and monophasic diseases Expert Opinion on Medical Diagnostics, 5(4), 333 - 346.
  35. Petzold A,Barkhof F,Polman C (2011) Reply from the authors Neurology, 76(24), 2131 - 2132.
  36. Petzold A,Kappos L,Filippi M,Hintzen R (2011) Reply Annals of Neurology, 69(6), 1064 - 1065.
  37. Sira MS,Ridha BH,Petzold A,Plant GT (2011) Ocular flutter following adenoviral conjunctivitis in an adult Neuro-Ophthalmology, 35(1), 22 - 23.
  38. Kim S,Chang R,Teunissen C,Gebremichael Y,Petzold A (2011) Neurofilament stoichiometry simulations during neurodegeneration suggest a remarkable self-sufficient and stable in vivo protein structure. J Neurol Sci, 307(1-2), 132 - 138. 10.1016/j.jns.2011.04.023.
  39. Petzold A,Geurts JJ,Nakashima I,Butzkueven H,Weissert R (2011) Neurodegeneration in MS and NMO: The Eye and the Blood. Mult Scler Int, 2011, 842797. 10.1155/2011/842797.
  40. Helgeland G,Petzold A,Luckman SP,Gilhus NE,Plant GT,Romi FR (2011) Matrix Metalloproteinases in Myasthenia Gravis EUR NEUROL, 65(1), 53 - 58. 10.1159/000322737.
  41. O'Connor S,Ali E,Al-Sabah S,Anwar D,Bergström E,Brown KA,Buckberry J,Buckley S,Collins M,Denton J,Dorling KM,Dowle A,Duffey P,Edwards HGM,Faria EC,Gardner P,Gledhill A,Heaton K,Heron C,Janaway R,Keely BJ,King D,Masinton A,Penkman K,Petzold A,Pickering MD,Rumsby M,Schutkowski H,Shackleton KA,Thomas J,Thomas-Oates J,Usai M-R,Wilson AS,O'Connor T (2011) Exceptional preservation of a prehistoric human brain from Heslington, Yorkshire, UK Journal of Archaeological Science.
  42. Teunissen CE,Tumani H,Bennett JL,Berven FS,Brundin L,Comabella M,Franciotta D,Federiksen JL,Fleming JO,Furlan R,Hintzen RQ,Hughes SG,Jimenez CR,Johnson MH,Killestein J,Krasulova E,Kuhle J,Magnone MC,Petzold A,Rajda C,Rejdak K,Schmidt HK,van Pesch V,Waubant E,Wolf C,Deisenhammer F,Giovannoni G,Hemmer B (2011) Consensus Guidelines for CSF and Blood Biobanking for CNS Biomarker Studies. Mult Scler Int, 2011, 246412. 10.1155/2011/246412.
  43. Tarnaris A,Toma AK,Pullen E,Chapman MD,Petzold A,Cipolotti L,Kitchen ND,Keir G,Lemieux L,Watkins LD (2011) Cognitive, biochemical, and imaging profile of patients suffering from idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus Alzheimer's and Dementia.
  44. Rejdak K,Kuhle J,Ruegg S,Lindberg R,Petzold A,Sulejczak D,Papuc E,Rejdak R,Stelmasiak Z,Grieb P (2011) NEUROFILAMENT HEAVY CHAIN AND HSP-70 AS MARKERS OF SEIZURE-RELATED BRAIN INJURY EPILEPSIA, 52, 85 - 85.
  45. Tarnaris A,Toma AK,Pullen E,Chapman MD,Petzold A,Cipolotti L,Kitchen ND,Keir G,Lemieux L,Watkins LD (2011) Cognitive, biochemical, and imaging profile of patients suffering from idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Alzheimers Dement, 7(5), 501 - 508. 10.1016/j.jalz.2011.01.003.
  46. Sellner J,Patel A,Dassan P,Brown MM,Petzold A (2011) Hyperacute detection of neurofilament heavy chain in serum following stroke: a transient sign. Neurochem Res, 36(12), 2287 - 2291. 10.1007/s11064-011-0553-8.
  47. Brettschneider J,Steinacker P,Kaiser S,Fang LB,Kuhle J,Petzold A,Tumani H,Ludolph AC,Otto M (2011) Novel CSF Biomarkers of Disease Progression of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis NEUROLOGY, 76(9), A44 - A44.
  48. Schmierer K,Tozer DJ,Petzold A (2011) Axonal Damage in the Making: Neurofilament Phosphorylation and Magnetization Transfer in Multiple Sclerosis Non-Lesional White Matter NEUROLOGY, 76(9), A358 - A358.
  49. Jensen HA,Loukogeorgakis S,Yannopoulos F,Rimpilainen E,Petzold A,Tuominen H,Lepola P,MacAllister RJ,Deanfield JE,Makela T,Alestalo K,Kiviluoma K,Anttila V,Tsang V,Juvonen T (2011) Remote Ischemic Preconditioning Protects the Brain Against Injury After Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest CIRCULATION, 123(7), 714 - 721. 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.986497.
  50. Petzold A,Tisdall MM,Girbes AR,Martinian L,Thom M,Kitchen N,Smith M (2011) In vivo monitoring of neuronal loss in traumatic brain injury: a microdialysis study. Brain, 134(Pt 2), 464 - 483. 10.1093/brain/awq360.

Biography

I graduated from the Medical University of Freiburg (Germany). I received my MD (summa cum laude) in Experimental Ophthalmology with Ted Sharpe (University of Freiburg) and my PhD in Biochemistry with Ed Thompson (University College London). I trained as a neurologist in France (Lyon), Germany (Munich) and the United Kingdom (London). I now work as consultant neurologist at the VU Medical Center Amsterdam and as honorary senior lecturer at the UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square. My research interest is on axonal degeneration mainly in multiple sclerosis and optic nerve disease but also other diseases and models I can learn from.

Keywords

  • 2D gel electrophoresis
  • Alzheimer's disease
  • Aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations
  • Antibody assays
  • Axon
  • Axon degeneration
  • Bioinformatic analysis
  • Bioinformatics
  • Blindness
  • Brain
  • Brain injury
  • Capture
  • Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
  • Coma and persistent vegetative state
  • Cross-sectional and cohort studies
  • Dementia
  • Dementia - Lewy Body
  • Dementia - frontotemporal
  • Dementia - subcortical
  • Dementia - vascular
  • Demyelination
  • ELISA
  • Electrophysiological recording techniques
  • Electrophysiology
  • Guillain-Barré syndrome
  • Head trauma
  • Immunohistochemistry
  • In vivo measurement
  • Infectious and immune eye disease
  • Intracerebral haemorrhage
  • Ischaemic stroke
  • Laser
  • Lesion analysis
  • Long term conditions
  • Microdialysis
  • Microdissection
  • Monitoring
  • Motor Neurone Disease
  • Motor Neurone Disease
  • Movement disorders
  • Multiple Sclerosis
  • Multiple sclerosis
  • Myasthenia gravis
  • Neurodegeneration
  • Neurodegenerative diseases
  • Neuron
  • Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
  • Oculomotor disorders
  • Optic neuritis
  • Optical imaging
  • Prognosis
  • Protein biomarkers for neurodegeneration
  • Protein purification
  • Proteomics
  • Proteomics
  • Repair
  • Spectrography
  • Statistics
  • Stroke
  • Temporal arteritis
  • Transient ischaemic attack
  • Ultrasound examination
  • Vision
  • Visual disorders
  • Wallerian degeneration
  • Western blotting
  • optical coherence tomography