Brown 1979

Keith S. Brown Jr. (1979)
Ecological Geography and Evolution in Neotropical Forests

Keith S. Brown, Jr. 1979. Ecologia Geográfica e Evolução nas Florestas Neotropicais. 2 vols. (Tese apresentada à Universidade Estadual de Campinas como parte das exigências de um Concurso de Livre Docência, area de Ecologia). Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
© Keith S. Brown, Jr. 1979.

This two-volume work has been long out of print. Quite apart from its importance in the understanding of Neotropical biogeography, this work has been useful as a taxonomic guide to heliconiines and some ithomiines for a generation of field biologists (my own copy, pictured above, has travelled extensively). With the permission of Keith Brown (August 2002), this website makes available all of the figures showing distribution patterns of butterflies and their identification.

The first volume contains the main text, and the distribution maps of the species covered. The second volume contains a complete gazeteer of neotropical place names, as well as distribution data to 0.25 deg. accuracy.

Adobe Acrobat files (low resolution):

Vol. 1 INTRODUCTORY MATERIAL cover, pp. i-ii, ix-x, xix-xxxi, 57 (1.31 MB)	Vol. 1 MAPS: HELICONIINA pp. 58-74 (1.12 MB)	Vol. 1 MAPS: ITHOMIINAE pp. 75-87 (0.97 MB) pp. 88-101 (0.91 MB)
Vol. 2 Distribution data: Apéndice II pp. 25-41: Mexico, Central America, French Guiana, Suriname & Guyana (1.13 MB)	Vol. 2 Distribution data: Apéndice II pp. 42-63: Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador (1.23 MB)	Vol. 2 Distribution data: Apéndice II pp. 63-76: Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay (0.90 MB)
Vol. 2 Distribution data: Apéndice II pp. 77-109: Brasil (1.94 MB)

Image files (high resolution):
(can also be downloaded directly from http://www.ucl.ac.uk/taxome/lit/brown79/big/)

	INTRODUCTORY MATERIAL
Cover

p. i	Title page
p. ii	Copyright information

p. ix	Index
p. x	Index continued

p. xix	Resumo (Portuguese)
p. xx	Resumo continued (Portuguese)
p. xxi	Resumo continued (Portuguese)
p. xxii	Resumo continued (Portuguese)
p. xxiii	Resumo continued (Portuguese)
p. xxiv	Resumo continued (Portuguese)

p. xxv	Summary (English)
p. xxvi	Summary continued (English)
p. xxvii	Summary continued (English)
p. xxviii	Summary continued (English)
p. xxix	Summary continued (English)
p. xxx	Summary continued (English)
p. xxxi	Summary continued (English)

p. 57	Key and Legend for Figures 5-84 (pp. 58-101)
	& Maps of Centres of Endemism

	DISTRIBUTION MAPS: HELICONIINA (FIGS. 5-32)

	Note: [Names given below in square brackets represent nomenclature revised according to Gerardo Lamas et al. (2002, in press)].

p. 58	Figure 5 Eueides procula
	Figure 6 E. lineata, E. libitina, E. emsleyi
p. 59	Figure 7 Eueides lampeto
	Figure 8 E. pavana
	Figure 9 E. eanes [E. heliconioides]
p. 60	Figure 10 Some geographic races of Eueides lybia
	Figure 11 E. tales
p. 61	Figure 12 Neruda godmani and a geographic race of N. metharme
	Figure 13 N. aoede
p. 62	Figure 14 Heliconius hecuba
	Figure 15 H. xanthocles
p. 63	Figure 16 Heliconius hierax, H. wallacei (part), H. nattereri
	Figure 17 H. burneyi (part), H. egeria, H. astraea
p. 64	Figure 18 Heliconius numata
p. 65	Figure 19 Heliconius ismenius
	Figure 20 H. pardalinus
p. 66	Figure 21 Heliconius hecale
p. 67	Figure 22 Heliconius atthis, H. ethilla
p. 68	Figure 23 Heliconius cydno superspecies (H. cydno, pachinus, heurippa, timareta, luciana, elevatus, besckei)
p. 69	Figure 24 Heliconius hecalesia, H. telesiphe
	Figure 25 H. hortense, H. clysonymus
p. 70	Figure 26 Heliconius melpomene
p. 71	Figure 27 Heliconius erato [including H. himera]
p. 72	Figure 28 Heliconius sara
p. 73	Figure 29 Heliconius demeter
	Figure 30 H. hewitsoni, H. antiochus
p. 74	Figure 31 Heliconius eleuchia, H. congener
	Figure 32 H. sapho

	DISTRIBUTION MAPS: ITHOMIINAE (FIGS. 33-84)

p. 75	Figure 33 Eutresis dilucida, Roswellia acrisione [now Athesis acrisione]
	Figure 34 Patricia oligyrtis, Olyras insignis
	Figure 35 Patricia dercyllidas, Athyrtis mechanitis
p. 76	Figure 36 Eutresis hypereia
	Figure 37 Olyras crathis
p. 77	Figure 38 Elzunia pavonii, E. humboldt
	Figure 39 Tithorea tarricina
p. 78	Figure 40 Tithorea harmonia
p. 79	Figure 41 Melinaea mnasias
	Figure 42 M. marsaeus
p. 80	Figure 43 Melinaea lilis [including M. scylax], M. ethra [including M. ethra (ethra) and part of M. satevis]
p. 81	Figure 44 M. ludovica [consisting of M. ludovica, M. idae (idae + vespertina) and part of M. satevis (satevis, aurantia + crameri)]
	Figure 45 Melinaea maenius [consisting of M. isocomma (isocomma, simulator, ssp. nov), M. menophilus (part)]
p. 82	Figure 46 Melinaea menophilus
	Figure 47 Sais rosalia
	Figure 48 Forbestra proceris, Sais browni
p. 83	Figure 49 Forbestra equicuola
	Figure 50 F. olivencia
p. 84	Figure 51 Mechanitis polymnia
p. 85	Figure 52 Mechanitis lysimnia
p. 86	Figure 53 Mechanitis menapis, M. mazaeus
p. 87	Figure 54 Scada kusa, S. karschina, S. zibia
	Figure 55 S. zemira, S. reckia
p. 88	Figure 56 Epityches eupompe, Garsauritis xanthostola [now Hypothyris xanthostola]
	Figure 57 Placidula euryanassa [now Placidina euryanassa], Rhodussa cantobrica [now Hypothyris cantobrica]
p. 89	Figure 58 Napeogenes peridia [lamia is now in N. pharo]
	Figure 59 N. cyrianassa [now in N. rhezia], N. achaea [quadrilis is separate species]
	Figure 60 N. cranto, N. harbona
p. 90	Figure 61 Napeogenes tolosa [larina now separate species], N. aethra [now N. larina]
p. 91	Figure 62 Napeogenes stella [duessa, jamariensis &c are separate species, H. duessa]
	Figure 63 N. omissa
	Figure 64 N. glycera
p. 92	Figure 65 Napeogenes apulia
	Figure 66 N. sylphis
p. 93	Figure 67 Napeogenes pheranthes [now included within N. pharo]
	Figure 68 N. inachia [pharo + N. pheranthes now in N. pharo]
p. 94	Figure 69 Hypothyris ninonia
	Figure 70 H. meterus [now in H. mansuetus], H. connexa, H. thea
p. 95	Figure 71 Hypothyris fluonia
	Figure 72 H. vallonia, H. semifulva
p. 96	Figure 73 Hypothyris gemella, H. daphnis, H. mansuetus
	Figure 74 H. moebiusi
p. 97	Figure 75 Hypothyris leprieuri
	Figure 76 H. mamercus
p. 98	Figure 77 Hypothyris euclea
p. 99	Figure 78 Hypothyris lycaste, H. anastasia
p. 100	Figure 79 Hyalyris fiametta, H. coeno
	Figure 80 H. latilimbata [now monotypic - munda is form of H. antea frater, fassli is in H. mestra]
	Figure 81 H. juninensis, H. praxilla
p. 101	Figure 82 Hyalyris oulita, H. leptalina
	Figure 83 H. frater [now included within H. antea]
	Figure 84 H. antea, H. excelsa

Updated: 15 March 2004