Inaugural lecture at UCL on 13 May 2009, "Practicing 18th-century Science Today" (to play podcast, click on the arrow on the screen below):
"The Myth of the Boiling Point"
an account of replications of historical experiments on the variations of the boiling point of water, with video footage.
An Element of Controversy: The Life of Chlorine in Science, Medicine, Technology and War
edited by Hasok Chang and Catherine Jackson from research by undergraduate students
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Undergraduate Courses
HPSC2007: History and Philosophy of Chemistry (2008-09, term 2)
HPSC3007: Topics in History of the Physical Sciences (2008-09, term 1)
Graduate Courses
Philosophy of Science option (for MSc in History
of Science, Medicine and Technology)
2008-09 syllabus
Main Administrative Duties
On sabbatical leave for 2009-10
Current Academic
Activities
Full CV including publications and selected presentations: click here
Temperature. Inventing Temperature:
Measurement and Scientific Progress was published
by Oxford University Press in 2004 (paperback in 2007). To view the introduction and contents of the book, click
here.
Water. My current major research
project is a philosophical history of water, which will result in a book titled Is Water H2O? Evidence, Pluralism and Realism (forthcoming from Springer). Water was considered an element up to the late 18th century, and took about a
hundred years to become what we believe now. My investigations range across the
histories of chemistry, physics and meteorology, and the philosophical
focus is on how we can become sure about things that we cannot observe.
Chlorine and Electricity (undergraduate research projects) . From 2000 to 2005, I directed a collaborative research project with undergraduate students, through the course HPSCC313, in which students pass on their works from year to year for cumulative improvement. A collection of these studies, edited by myself and Catherine Jackson, has been published as a BSHS Monograph, An Element of Controversy: the Life of Chlorine in Science, Medicine, Technology and War. For a full description of this unique educational experiment, see my article "Turning an undergraduate class into a professional research community". This project was supported by a secondment grant from UCL's Centre for Advancement of Learning and Teaching (CALT), and also an ESCILTA grant. Now we are in the second phase of this project, since 2007, on the theme of "Electricity: Invention and Discovery" (the course has now been renumbered as HPSC3007).
Historical Experiments: Boiling and Batteries. I am engaged in the replication and development of some curious chemical and physical experiments reported in the 18th and 19th centuries. The first series of experiments concerned variations in the boiling point of water (see online paper including video footage of some experiments). The current series is on early electrochemistry, starting with Volta's work. This experimental workis being supported through grants from the Leverhulme Trust, and the generosity of the Department of Chemistry.
Evidence in the Natural Sciences. This was part of the multi-disciplinary project Evidence, Inference and
Enquiry: Towards an Integrated Science of Evidence, funded by
the Leverhulme Trust and the ESRC; for a fuller description of my
portion of this project, click
here. Grant Fisher was a research fellow on this project.
Analysis and Synthesis in 19th-century Chemistry. This was a collaborative project funded by the Leverhulme Trust, in which we attempted to write a new philosophical history of chemical practice, focusing on the development of the methods of analysis and synthesis. The other project members were: Georgette Taylor, research fellow; Catherine Jackson, PhD student; Rosemary Coates, admin and research assistant. See project website for more information.
HPS as an integrated subject. Consideration of the aims and methodology of the history and philosophy of science remains one of my central research interests, and informs almost all other research and teaching I do. My main thoughts on this subject are summarised in the last chapter of Inventing Temperature. In 2006 we began a series of annual workshops on the future of integrated HPS between UCL and Leeds, now also with the participation of groups at Durham and Exeter. I am also a founding member of the Committee for Integrated History and Philosophy of Science, an international group devoted to the same aim, which held its first two conferences at the University of Pittsburgh and at the University of Notre Dame, in 2007 and 2009; the third and fourth conferences are scheduled for 2010 at Indiana University, and 2011 at the University of Athens.
Philosophy of Science in Practice. Philosophy of science has an unfortunate tendency to become removed from the practice and application of science. The Society for Philosophy of Science in Practice is a network of scholars trying to reach a better understanding of, and closer engagement with, scientific practice. We had our first biennial conference in August 2007 at the University of Twente, and the second conference in June 2009 at the University of Minnesota. The third conference will be held in 2011 at the University of Exeter.
Re-creation of an 18th-century periodical.
I believe that a new dimension of historical understanding can be
reached through the simulation of a past scientific community.
I have been piloting this idea through my course HPSC2007 (previously HPSCB218)
with the help of a secondment grant from UCL's department of Education
and Professional Development (EPD). In the course of the term we "publish"
several issues of our "Virtual
Nicholson's Journal", modelled after William Nicholson's Journal of Chemistry, Natural Philosophy and the Arts. Students
are first introduced to a real debate from the history of science,
and asked to continue the debate as if they were "gentlemen
scientists" from the late 18th century.
History of chemistry group ("AD HOC"). In the summer of 2004 I started an informal study group in the history (and philosophy) of chemistry. Through monthly meetings and additional communications, we intend to help each other keep up-to-date on recent advances in the field, as well as study key primary sources and recover the best from some neglected older secondary literature. Some meetings have guest speakers. Activities of this group are now supported by a grant from the Society for the History of Alchemy and Chemistry (SHAC). Reading materials for recent and upcoming meetings can be found here.
Scientific Realism. This is a topic on
which I have been slowly yet steadily developing my own point of
view. See the papers "A Case for Old-Fashioned Observability,
and a Reconstructed Constructive Empiricism", "Preservative
Realism and Its Discontents: Revisiting Caloric", and "How
to Take Realism Beyond Foot-stamping"
History and philosophy of modern physics. Although this is no longer an active area of my research, I maintain a strong interest in this field. My current focus is in making the subject accessible to students without very technical backgrounds.
Crime Science. For two years (2003-05) I taught "Thinking Scientifically", a required course in the new MSc in Crime Science offered by
UCL's Jill Dando Institute of Crime Science. (Currently the course is being taught by Dr Eleonora Montuschi of the LSE.)
Supervision of Student Research. Much
of my learning takes place through the supervision of student research.
Aside from the special project on chlorine described above, there
are of course dissertations at all levels.
PhD dissertations
Paolo Palmieri (completed in 2002; principal supervisor:
Andrew Gregory), Galileo's mathametical natural philosophy.
Danny Leung (completed in 2005; principal supervisor: Chris Lawrence), Biological and physiological thinking in English medicine, with reference to Clifford Allbutt.
Georgette Taylor (completed in 2006), Variations on a theme: patterns of congruence and divergence among 18th century chemical affinity theories.
Hauke Riesch (completed in 2008; co-supervisor: Brian Balmer), Scientists' view of the scientific method.
Catherine Jackson (completed in 2009), Analysis and synthesis in nineteenth-century organic chemistry.
Sarah Star (completed in 2009), Revisiting the question of ontology in philosophy of science.
Irena McCabe (subsidiary supervisor: Steve Miller), Second best as a researcher, second to none as a populariser? The atmospheric science of John Tyndall (completion expected in 2009).
Andreas Sommer (co-supervisor: Sonu Shamdasani, Crossing the boundaries of mind and medicine: Carl du Prel (1839-1899) and his network in the history of dynamic psychiatry (in progress).
MSc dissertations (2003-06) [updates coming]
Helen Denyer, The implications of Percy Williams
Bridgman's operational point of view on the concept of time.
Catherine Jackson, Reassessing Hofmann's role
in the development of organic chemistry, 1845-1865.
Sarah Munford, The acceptance of Cannizzaro's
atomic weights in English chemistry.
Ming-Hsun (Eric) Yeh, The cat(s) behind double
slits: history of quantum measurement problems.
Qin Kong, Is Chinese medicine a science?
Jose Ramon Marcaida Lopez, Quantum information science as a scientific discipline.
Lotta Glans , The road to a tetrahedral carbon: crystallography and structural theory as influences for the stereochemical ideas of Van't Hoff and Le Bel.
BSc dissertations (2003-06) [updates coming]
Ruth Ashbee, Polanyi and realism.
Chris Coles, What is the justification behind Berzelius' atomic weights and can realism be invoked?
Lily Defriend, Science, syncretism and social change: astronomical exchange between Jesuit missionary astronomers and Chinese scholars, 1540-1669.
Jonathan Nendick, A comparison of the conventionalist attitudes of Henri Poincaré and Pierre Duhem.
Fiona Scott-Kerr, The private aspect of public scientific knowledge (a Bridgman over troubled science)
Dominic Scrancher, Are observations underdetermined?
Kate Ball, Cartography: a science?
Frederick Cowell, The evolution of mutually assured destruction 1947-1963: was there a technological or a political imperative?
Xuan-Zheng Goh, Politics and Peenemünde: the social shaping of the Nazi rocket program.
Olivier Usher, Diversity and orthodoxy in the 'Visible College': British Marxist science in the 1930s and 1940s.
Lucas Dalglish ,The role of metaphor in the development of atomic theory.
Graham Paul , Faith, logic & nature. How the monotheism of Islam was reconciled to pagan Greek philosophy.
Aisling Traynor , What can we learn about the laws of nature from superheroes?
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