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URBAN
ECONOMY | labour market
This section focuses on
employment and labour markets, including small and medium
enterprise development, income generation initiatives and
opportunities, skills enhancement, and new directions in
labour market segmentation.
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local level
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UN-Habitat (2002) - Processes of community development
generation employment, Cauca - UN-Habitat / Best Practice
[pdf]
Colombia-The project is based on integral
attention to strengthen companies through actions that support
production areas, trade and commercialisation of these areas
and improvement of business administration. Another aspect
that this initiative worked on was strengthening the company
families by integrating fathers with their children and
management of the family business. |
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city level
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ANTOINE, Philippe; Mireille Razafindrakoto & François
Roubaud (2001) - Contraints de rester jeune ? Evolution
de l’insertion dans trois capitales africaines : Dakar,
Yaoundé, Antananarivo - DIAL [pdf]
Victims of the long crisis that has affected their countries,
the youth of three African capitals (Dakar, Yaoundé,
and Antananarivo) find themselves forced to postpone their
entry into adult life. They postpone not only obtaining
their first paid employment but also moving into their first
home and founding a family. Neither their higher level of
education, nor the delays in attaining adult status protect
their future, nor prevent worsening living conditions compared
to those of their parents’ generation at their coming
of age. In fact, we are witnessing a situation where the
higher the education level, the more these young people
are disadvantaged by the deterioration of the economic environment.
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Cogneau, Denis (2001) - Formation du revenu, segmentation
et discrimination sur le marché du travail dune
ville en développement : Antananarivo fin de siècle
- DIAL [pdf]
Madagascar-The paper proposes a micro-macro
model of labour market of a developing city, and its empirical
implementation on the case of the capital town of Madagascar,
Antananarivo. The model recognises the existence of measured
and unmeasured heterogeneity of skills, preferences and
opportunities within even narrowly defined socio-demographic
groups.
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UN-Habitat (2002) - Public Works and Environmental Improvements,
Jonava - UN-Habitat / Best Practice[pdf]
Lithuania -The purpose of establishing
a recreational zone in Jonava, Lithuania, was three-fold.
Firstly, it was acknowledged that public works projects
carried out by local labour exchanges and municipalities
often have solved social problems rather than unemployment
problems in the sense that the participants temporarily
have received an income and/or have regained the right to
receive unemployment benefit, but have returned to unemployment
after the termination of the public works project.
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UN-Habitat (2002) - Intergrated Embroidery Centre -
Otelarilor - UN-Habitat / Best Practice [pdf]
Romania - he project aimed at joining
several entrepreneurs in the field of textile clothing;
the carrying out of their activities contributed to raising
the number of working places. The innovative characteristic
consisted in using up to date cutting and embroidering technologies
that ensure the high quality of the manufactured products.
Beneficiaries were both firms and individuals.
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UN-Habitat (2002) - Orchard Park and North Hull Enterprises
Limited, Kingston-Upon-Hull - UN-Habitat / Best Practice
[pdf]
United Kingdom - Orchard Park and North
Hull Enterprises Ltd (OPNHE Ltd) is a local economic development
agency based in Orchard Park and North Hull, two extremely
disadvantaged housing estates on the northern edge of the
city of Kingston-Upon-Hull. Since its establishment in 1989
the company works on a non-profit making basis to the benefit
of the residents of these two areas. It aims to develop
and regenerate the local economic structures by encouraging
the creation of jobs and enabling those jobs to be realistic
and sustainable as well as restoring the ethos of self-belief
and dignity amongst the inhabitants and enabling the community
to take part in that process.
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international level
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International Labour Organisation (2003) - Global Employment
Trends - ILO Geneva [pdf]
The report presents labour market trends and underlines
the main employment challenges at the global level and in
each of eight regions of the world. Two years of economic
slowdown have produced a deterioration in the global employment
situation. With uncertain prospects for economic recovery,
a reversal of employment trends is unlikely in 2003. The
ILO estimates that the number of unemployed grew by 20 million
since the beginning of 2001 to reach about 180 million at
the end of 2002. The increase was most severe among women,
who tend to be in sectors that are particularly vulnerable
to economic shocks. In addition, an increasing number of
young people entering the labour market were unable to find
jobs, driving up youth unemployment rates, which had declined
in the late 1990s. |
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Habitat
Agenda
Section IV C - Chapter 9:
Improving urban economies
155. Urban economies are integral
to the process of economic transformation and development.
They are a prerequisite for the creation of a diversified
economic base capable of generating employment opportunities.
Many new jobs will need to be created in urban areas.
Complete Chapter [pdf]
ILO Constitution,
Preamble:
"Whereas universal and lasting
peace can be established only if it is based upon social
justice;
And whereas conditions of labour exist involving such injustice
hardship and privation to large numbers of people as to
produce unrest so great that the peace and harmony of the
world are imperilled; and an improvement of those conditions
is urgently required. " (...)
ILO Constitution (1944)
[pdf]
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Documents highlighting DFID's published
work in support of labour markets and local enterprises
in urban areas. |
"Tomaszow Incubator Foundation" - Wakely,
Patrick; Nicholas You (2001) – Implementing
the Habitat Agenda: In Search of Urban Sustainability
- DPU [pdf]
Poland - The Tomaszow Enterprise
Incubator Foundation
(TEIF) was established in December 1993 to reduce
unemployment by improving co-operation and coordination
between training organisations, employers and the
unemployed. Initially, an Employment Forum was established
to resolve the problem of unemployment
in the local area. This was an informal network of
training organisations, public officials from 10 counties,
employers and unemployed people, who met on a regular
basis to establish common priorities. |
"Worker Managed Enterprise
in Kassala" Wakely, Patrick; Nicholas You (2001)
– Implementing the Habitat Agenda: In Search
of Urban Sustainability - DPU [pdf]
Sudan - This is one of the few successful
examples of worker managed enterprises in Africa,
which has improved the living standards of poor brick
producers and their families in Eastern Sudan through
the generation of secure employment and income.
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