Mike Hoare
Professor of Biochemical Engineering
Chairman of The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering
Phone: +44 (0)20 7679 3795
Fax: +44 (0)20 7209 0703
m.hoare@ucl.ac.uk
Education
PhD Biochemical Engineering, UCL (1981)
MSc(Distn) Biochemical Engineering, UCL (1971)
BSc Eng(Hons) Chemical Engineering, UCL (1970)
Professional Appointments, Honours and Awards
Fellow of Institution of Chemical Engineers (1990)
Fellow of Royal Academy of Engineering (FREng) (1997)
Fellow of UCL (2001)
Director, EPSRC Innovative Manufacturing Research Centre for Bioprocessing, UCL (2002-2007)
Donald Medal for contributions to Biochemical Engineering, IChemE (2003)
Member of DTI/DoH Bioscience Innovation and Growth Team (BIGT) panel reporting on bioprocessing and biomanufacturing “Bioscience 2015 – Improving National Health, Increasing National Wealth” (2003-2004)
Chairman, EPSRC Innovative Manufacturing Research Centre for Bioprocessing, UCL (2007-)
Member of BERR Bioscience Innovation and Growth Team (BIGT) Review and Refresh Senior Working Group – Chair Sir David Cooksey (2008-2009)
Review panel chair of AIBN BioNanotechnology and Cell Processing,Australia,2010
Editorial Board Member Biotechnology and Bioengineering (2009-)
Dunnill award for outstanding contribution to UK bioprocessing,bioProcessUK (2011)
Research Interests
Mike Hoare’s research focuses on creating novel routes to speed the translation from life science discovery to outcome for next generation therapeutics and help ensure wider access. This particularly concerns advanced biological macromolecular and cellular materials and their processing using a complex sequence of stages from a bioreactor through recovery and purification to product formulation ready for delivery. Current challenges for such bioprocess studies include: whole antibodies or fragments or fusions and other therapeutic proteins; modified human cells (especially for cancer therapy), disabled viruses; whole human cells for regenerative therapy.
Much of this research is based on discovering ultra scale–down methods to study operations such as centrifugation, membranes, filters and chromatography at the multi–millilitre scale and more recently at the micro–litre scale to allow integration with robotic devices. This work is managed collaboratively with Professor N.J. Titchener–Hooker, Dr. Y. Zhou, Dr. D.G. Bracewell, Dr. Eli Keshavarz–Moore and Professor J.M. Ward (Structural and Molecular Biology) within the EPSRC–funded IMRC Bioprocessing programme. This programme currently involves fifteen leading national and international biopharmaceutical companies and fourteen UCL and UK academic groups of a wide range of disciplines complementary to biochemical engineering. Examples include collaboration with: Dr Mark Smales, University of Kent on mass spectrometry analysis of variants of antibody structures and the effects of bioprocessing; Professor David Williams and Dr Henk Versteeg, Loughborough University on plasmid DNA formulation and aerosolisation; Dr Kerry Chester, Royal Free Hospital, Oncology on bioprocessing of fusion proteins for targeted cancer therapies; Dr Colin Love and Professor Rob Coffin, Biovex and Molecular Pathology UCL on disabled viruses for vaccines. A recently awarded Technology Strategy Board Programme is enabling further collaboration between Onyvax, LGC, Nottingham Trent University (Bioinformatics Centre) and UCL on human cell bioprocessing for cell–based vaccine cancer therapy. Such activities benefit from the IMRC, BiCE and Human Cell Therapy bioprocessing initiatives in the Department and the MBI programme for knowledge transfer and dissemination.
Particular research achievements have included the successful creation of ultra scale–down mimics for high–speed, continuous–flow centrifuges where, from the tens of millilitre scale it has been possible to predict the performance of industrial scale centrifuges servicing 20000L mammalian cell culture vessels (in collaboration with Lonza Biologics) and of precipitation vessels for industrial preparation of human–blood plasma fractions (in collaboration with Bio Products Laboratories). This offers the opportunity to specify with greater levels of confidence and at earlier stages in process development the type and size (or throughput) of centrifuges to be used and also the quality of clarified supernatant and how this may impact on later downstream processing stages. This work is now being taken forward to address the more complex targets described above and also considerations of how the necessary response to emergency healthcare needs (e.g. rapid production of a vaccine) may best be met.
Funding for the above research has come from the EPSRC, especially for the EPSRC IMRC Bioprocessing and EPSRC IDTC EngD Bioprocess Leadership programmes, BBSRC Targetted Bioprocessing Studentships, the Technology Strategy Board Programme and a range of company collaborators including Lonza Biologics, UCB Celltech, Biovex, Pall Life Sciences, ReNeuron, ImmunoBiology, GSK, Stabilitech.
Teaching and Training Activities
Mike’s current teaching focuses on addressing the issues which underlie the safe, reliable and cost effective preparation of biopharmaceuticals; that is, the development of so–called validated bioprocesses. This builds on the biochemical engineering skills already acquired by student groups at all levels, undergraduates, postgraduates, research scientists and engineers and also industrial delegates. Case studies and workshops are used to address some of the most challenging problems facing an industry seeking to make available next generation therapies and how research deliverables out of programmes such as IMRC, BiCE and Human Cell Therapy bioprocessing might help deal with these problems in the future.
This activity builds on the teaching activities of all of the academic staff and industrial expert contributors via the MBI® programme to biochemical engineering teaching including Mike’s own activities in design of: aspects of bioreactors (the heat transfer challenge); early recovery processes especially fractional precipitation and centrifugation; final product preservation via spray or freeze drying.
Mike is also delighted to be included in the panels of experts to help judge and provide feedback on the bioprocess enterprise presentations (Dr Eli Keshavarz–Moore and Dr Bill Hornby); the design study displays (Dr Suzanne Farid, Dr Farlan Veraitch, Dr Dan Bracewell); and the whole bioprocess experimental studies (Dr Dan Bracewell and Dr Martina Micheletti).
Most recently Mike has taken up the challenge of pioneering the translation of ultra scale-down technologies into the undergraduate, postgraduate taught and research and postexperience teaching programmes allowing the early syudy of the challenges of processing of next generation materials including mammalian cell, high cell density rec E.coli and human cell suspensions. HEIF and industrial club and EPSRC knowledge transfer funding are all supporting this venture.
Selected Publications
*If you would like further information on any of these publications or news of related research, please contact m.hoare@ucl.ac.uk
Human Cell Bioprocessing
McCoy, R., Ward. S., Hoare, M. (2010). Sub–population analysis of human cancer vaccine cells – ultra scale–down characterisation of response to shear. Biotechnology and Bioengineering. (Published online) ISSN: 0006–3592. doi: 10.1002/bit.22716
McCoy, R., Ward, S., Hoare, M. (2009). Ultra scale–down studies of the effect of shear on cell quality; processing of a human cell line for cancer vaccine therapy. Biotechnology Progress. 25: 1448–1458. ISSN: 8756–7938. doi:10.1002/btpr.229
Zoro, B.J.H., Owen, S., Drake, R.A.L., Mason, C., Hoare, M. (2009). Regenerative medicine bioprocessing: Concentration and behaviour of adherent cell suspensions and pastes. Biotechnology and Bioengineering. 103: 1236–1247. ISSN: 0006–3592. doi:10.1002/bit 22356 Gerontas, S., Farid, S.S., Hoare, M. (2009). Windows of operations for bioreactor design for the controlled formation of tissue–engineered arteries. Biotechnology Progress. 25, 842–853. ISSN: 8756–7938. doi:10.1002/btpr.140
Zoro, B.J.H., Owen, S., Drake, R.A.L., Hoare, M. 2008. The impact of process stress on suspended anchorage–dependent mammalian cells as an indicator of likely challenges for regenerative medicines. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 99(2), 468–474. ISSN: 0006–3592. doi:10.1002/bit.21544
Mason, C., Hoare, M. (2009) Regenerative medicine bioprocessing: Building a conceptual framework based on early studies. Tissue Engineering 13, 301–311. ISSN: 2152–4947. doi:10.1089/ten.2006.0177
Ultra Scale–Down of Bioprocessing of Biopharmaceuticals
Reid, C.Q., Tait, A., Baldascini, H., Mohindra, A., Racher, A., Bilsborough, S., Smales, C.M., Hoare, M. (2010) Rapid whole monoclonal antibody analysis by mass spectrometry: An ultra scale–down study of the effect of harvesting by centrifugation on the post–translational modification profile Biotechnology and Bioengineering. (Publsihed online) ISSN:0006–3592. doi:10.1002/bit.22790
Ma, G., Aucamp, J., Eardly–Patel, R., Craig, A., Hoare, M., Zhou, Y. (2010). Mimic of a large–scale diafiltration process by using ultra scale–down rotating disc filter. Biotechnology Progress. 26:466–476 ISSN: 8756–7938. doi:10.1002/btpr.327
Hutchinson, N., Chhatre, S., Baldascini, H., Davies, J., Bracewell, D.G., Hoare, M. (2009). Ultra scale–down approach to correct for dispersive and retentive effects in small–scale columns when predicting larger–scale elution profiles. Biotechnology Progress. 25: 1103–1110. ISSN: 8756–7938. doi:10.1002/btpr.172
Tait, A.S., Aucamp, J.P., Bugeon, A., Hoare, M. (2009). Ultra scale–down prediction using microwell technology of the industrial scale clarification characteristics by centrifugation of mammalian cell broths. Biotechnology and Bioengineering. 104: 321–331. ISSN: 0006–3592. doi:10.1002/bit.22393
Bracewell, D. G., Boychyn, M., Baldascini, H., Storey, S.A., Bulmer, M., More, J., Hoare, M. (2008). Impact of clarification strategy on chromatographic separations: Pre–processing of cell homogenates. Biotechnology and Bioengineering. 100: 941–949. ISSN: 0006–3592. doi:10.1002/bit.21823
Titchener–Hooker, N.J., Dunnill, P., Hoare, M. (2008). Micro biochemical engineering to accelerate the design of industrial–scale downstream processes for biopharmaceutical proteins. Biotechnology and Bioengineering. 100: 473–487. ISSN: 0006–3592. doi:10.1002/bit.21788
Arulmuthu, E.R., Williams, D.J., Baldascini, H., Versteeg, H.K., Hoare, M. 2007. Studies on aerosol delivery of plasmid DNA using a mesh nebuliser. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 98(5), 939–955 . ISSN: 0006–3592
Zhang,H., Kong,S., Booth,A., Boushaba,R., Levy,M.S., Hoare,M. 2007. Prediction of shear damage of plasmid DNA in pump and centrifuge operations using an ultra scale–down device. Biotechnology Progress. 23(4), 858–865. ISSN: 8756–7938. doi:10.1021/bp070066zChan,G., Booth,A.J., Mannweiler,K., Hoare,M. 2006. Ultra scale–down studies of the effect of flow and impact conditions during E.coli cell processing. Biotechnology and Bioengineering. 95(4), 671–683. ISSN: 0006–3592. doi:10.1002/bit.21049
Hutchinson,N., Bingham,N., Murrell,N., Farid,S., Hoare,M. 2006. Shear stress analysis of mammalian cell suspensions for prediction of industrial centrifugation and its verification. Biotechnology and Bioengineering. 95(3), 483–491. ISSN: 0006–3592. doi:10.1002/bit.21029
Meacle,F.J., Zhang,H., Papantoniou, I. , Ward,J.M., Titchener–Hooker , N.J. , Hoare,M. 2006. Degradation of supercoiled plasmid DNA within a capillary device. Biotechnology and Bioengineering. 97(5), 1148–1157. ISSN: 0006–3592. doi:10.1002/bit.21275
Pheasey,N., Joseph,J., Love,C., Coffin,R., M.Ward,J.M., Hoare,M., Levy,M. S. 2006. A capillary cytometer method to quantitate viable virus particles based on early detection of viral antigens and cellular events within single cells. Journal of Virology Methods. 137(2), 213–218. doi:10.1016/j.jviromet.2006.06.013
Hoare,M., Levy,S.M., Bracewell,D.G., Doig , S.D. , Kong,S., Titchener–Hooker,N., Ward,J.M., Dunnill,P. 2005. Bioprocess engineering issues that would be faced in producing a DNA vaccine at up to 100m3 fermentation scale for an influenza pandemic. Biotechnology Progress. 21(6), 1577–1592. ISSN: 8756–7938. doi:10.1021/bp050190n
Reynolds,T., Boychyn,M., Sanderson,T., Bulmer,M., More,J., Hoare,M. 2003. Scale–down of continuous filtration for rapid bioprocess design: recovery and dewatering of protein precipitate suspensions. Biotechnology and Bioengineering. 83, 454–464. ISSN: 0006–3592. doi:10.1002/bit.10687
Boychyn,M., Yim,S.S.S., Ayazi–Shamlou,P., Bulmer,M., More,J., Hoare,M. 2001. Characterization of flow intensity in continuous centrifuges for the development of laboratory mimics. Chemical Engineering Science. 56, 1–12. ISSN: 0009–2509. doi:10.1016/S0009–2509(01)00139–7
Novais, J.L., Titchener–Hooker , N.J. , Hoare, M. 2001. Economic comparison between conventional and disposables–based technology for the production of biopharmaceuticals. Biotechnology and Bioengineering. 75(2), 143–153. ISSN: 0006–3592. doi:10.1002/bit.1182
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