Corpus Refs: | Huebner/1876:139 Macalister/1945:389 Nash-Williams/1950:97 RCAHMW/1964:1675 |
Site: | LLNR3 |
Discovery: | non-arch dig, 1833 anon |
History: | Parry/Westwood/1847, 201: `The tomb was first discovered some years ago [before 1833 according to Lewis, cited in Breese/1925, 385], in pulling down a hedge, under which it extended at right angles'. Macalister/1945, 366--367: `They have had an adventurous career. When first found they formed the sides of a grave covered by two slabs, discovered in the course of removing a hedge; evidently the grave was later than the inscriptions, the stones being used as mere building material. They were re-buried before 1859; exhumed again in 1876, when Rhys examined them; in the following year re-buried once more: and some time later they were taken up again, and are now in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford'. Nash-Williams/1950, 90, agrees that these stones were reused in the grave. RCAHMW/1965, 82, notes that the stones were transferred to Oxford c. 1895. Additional account given by Breese/1925. |
Geology: | Nash-Williams/1950, 90: `Local basalt'. |
Dimensions: | 1.59 x 0.24 x 0.18 (converted from Macalister/1945) |
Setting: | in display |
Location: | Ashmolean Now in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. |
Form: | plain Nash-Williams/1950, 90: `Rough hexagonal pillar stone'. RCAHMW/1964, 82: `Each stone is natural hexagonal prism of local volcanic origin with the inscription lengthways placed centrally on the stone...Stone (i) 5 ft. 3 ins. long with faces from 7 1/2 ins. to 10 ins. broad'. |
Condition: | complete , good |
Folklore: | none |
Crosses: | none |
Decorations: | no other decoration |
Westwood, J.O. (1847): | ICAENALIFILI |
ETERNOHICIACIT Expansion: ICAENALI FILI ETERNO HIC IACIT Parry/Westwood/1847 203 reading only |
Jones Parry, T.L.D. (1847): | ICVENRHIFIDI | ETERNI[--] HICIACIT Expansion: ICVEN RHIFIDI ETERNI[-- ] HIC IACIT Translation: Here lies to all eternity the body of Griffith (PN) the haughty. Parry/Westwood/1847 202 reading only |
Rhys, J. (1876): | IOVENALIFILI | ETERNIHICIACIT Expansion: IOVENALI FILI ETERNI HIC IACIT Translation: Jovenal (PN) the son of Edern (PN) lies here. Breese/1925 386 reading only |
Huebner, E. (1876): | ICVENALIFILI | ETERN[I]HICIACIT Expansion: ICVENALI FILI ETERN[I] HIC IACIT Huebner/1876 49 reading only |
Nash-Williams, V.E. (1938): | IOVENALIFILI | ETERNIHICIACIT Expansion: IOVENALIS FILI ETERNI HIC IACIT Translation: (The stone) of Iovenalis (PN), son of Eternus (PN). Nash-Williams/1938 35 reading only Nash-Williams/1950 90 reading only |
Macalister, R.A.S. (1945): | IOVENALIFILI | ETERNI HICIACET Expansion: IOVENALI FILI ETERNI HIC IACET Macalister/1945 367 reading only |
Macalister, R.A.S. (1945): | IOVENALIFILI | ETERNI HICIACIT Expansion: IOVENALI FILI ETERNI HIC IACIT Macalister/1945 367 reading only |
Orientation: | vertical down |
Position: | n/a ; broad ; n/a ; undivided Middle of one of the faces of the hexagonal section stone. |
Incision: | pocked Macalister/1945, 367: `pocked'. |
Date: | 500 - 599 (Nash-Williams/1938) 533 - 566 (Jackson/1953) |
Language: | Latin (rcaps) |
Ling. Notes: | The linguistic discussion by Jones Parry is based on a reading that is not now accepted (Parry/Westwood/1847, 202). |
Palaeography: | Parry/Westood/1847, 202: `As to the letters of the inscription, they are well defined, though not deeply cut; a mixture of Roman and Bardic, for the letters are all Roman except the third in the first word, which I take to be a Bardic U or V; the second and sixth in the last word, the first of which letters I read as the Bardic H, the second as the Bardic D rudely cut'. Parry/Westwood/1847, 203: `I read the letters I, C, the next is possibly an A reversed, E, N, the next is surely an A and not an R, as may be seen by comparing it with the R in ETERN and A in JACIT, the next may be L slanting to the left, then I, followed by FIL...I---ETERNO? HIC IACIT... I think all the letters are Roman more or less debased'. Macalister/1945, 367: `The linking of the E in IOVENALI with the second E of ETERNI is a curious freak of the lapidary'. Nash-Williams/1938, 35: `Roman capitals...the A in l.1 shows traces of an angular cross-bar, a common late-Roman feature. The final T in l.2 has a slightly curved foot, suggestive of the uncial form that came into vogue in the sixth century AD'. |
Legibility: | good Macalister/1945, 367: `legible but worn'. |
Lines: | 2 |
Carving errors: | 0 |
Doubtful: | no |
Jackson/1953, 385, note 1, sees this name as showing the influence of British Latin *Iovannes upon Latin Iuvenalis.
Jackson/1953, 183, sees the name ETTERNI that appears elsewhere as Latin.