CHAPTER 10

THREATS TO AQUATIC ORGANISMS

Coping with erosion

• Tactics for coping with the erosional force of waves on sea and lake shores
• Attachment mechanisms in streams and rivers, life under stones and in the hyporheic
• Sandy shores and interstitial life

Salinity, heat and cold

• Coping with salinity change
• High temperatures at hydrothermal vents and hot springs
• Very cold temperatures
• Indirect effects of high temperature

Living at the water-air interface

• Effects of light and turbulence at the water surface
• Negative effects of accumulations at the surface film

The threat of desiccation

• Strategies for coping with the short-term threat of desiccation
• Strategies for coping with the long-term threat of desiccation
• Long-term refuges and life cycles that avoid dry phases
• Anhydrobiosis
• Conquering land